{"id":10713,"date":"2016-03-28T19:04:34","date_gmt":"2016-03-28T14:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=10713"},"modified":"2016-03-28T19:04:34","modified_gmt":"2016-03-28T14:04:34","slug":"bir-jurnalistin-f%c9%99dakarligiyla-uz%c9%99-cixan-k%c9%99sik-%c9%99ll%c9%99rl%c9%99-dolu-s%c9%99b%c9%99tin-sahibi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=10713","title":{"rendered":"Bir jurnalistin f\u0259dakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan \u201cK\u0259sik \u0259ll\u0259rl\u0259 dolu s\u0259b\u0259t\u201din sahibi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"konqo\"<\/a>\u201cKonqoda g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259rimi g\u00f6rm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259, \u00f6lm\u0259yi se\u00e7\u0259rdim\u201d.<\/p>\n

Missioner Cosef\u00a0 Klark<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259r insanl\u0131q tarixinin \u0259n biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131 s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u0259sik \u0259ll\u0259rl\u0259 dolu s\u0259b\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Dig\u0259r \u00fcr\u0259k buland\u0131ran s\u0259b\u0259b is\u0259 bu idi. Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 diktatorun x\u00fcsusi ordusundak\u0131 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259lum sayda g\u00fcll\u0259 verilirdi. \u018fsg\u0259rl\u0259r g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ri bo\u015f yer\u0259 atmad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckl\u0259ri yerlil\u0259rin sa\u011f \u0259ll\u0259rini k\u0259sib a\u011f komandirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259tirirdil\u0259r. B\u0259z\u0259ns\u0259 m\u0259rmil\u0259r bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131xanda ya\u015fayan yerlil\u0259rin \u0259ll\u0259rini k\u0259s\u0259r\u0259k \u0259skikl\u0259rini tamamlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. B\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 olmayan dig\u0259r missionerl\u0259rin \u00f6z paytaxtlar\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rdikl\u0259ri raportda \u201ck\u0259sik \u0259ll\u0259rl\u0259 dolu s\u0259b\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d anketl\u0259rind\u0259n yer tap\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fn maraql\u0131s\u0131 is\u0259 Leopoldun, adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Konqoda etdikl\u0259rind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmas\u0131 idi. \u00dcst\u0259lik bu t\u0259tbiql\u0259ri m\u00fchakim\u0259 ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259nir, Konqonun m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qurban verilm\u0259sinin lab\u00fcd oldu\u011funu qeyd edirdi. Tacir kimi davranan Bel\u00e7ika kral\u0131 artan t\u0259l\u0259bi \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Konqodak\u0131 xidm\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fckafat t\u0259yin etdi. Ist\u0259nil\u0259n kvotan\u0131 normadan\u00a0 art\u0131q yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 be\u015f y\u00fcz bel\u00e7ika frank\u0131 m\u00fckafat verilirdi. Daha \u00e7ox m\u00fckafat daha \u00e7ox konqolunun qan\u0131 dem\u0259k idi…<\/p>\n

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XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na yax\u0131n Konqodan \u00f6nc\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259y\u0259, daha sonra d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan fotolar g\u00f6r\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fok effekti yarad\u0131rd\u0131. U\u015faq ya\u015fdak\u0131 afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 qolsuz-ayaqs\u0131z g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bu qandondurucu fotolar insanl\u0131q tarixinin \u0259n amans\u0131z faktlar\u0131ndan idi. K\u0259silib \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259nl\u0259r qara, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan kau\u00e7uk q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, \u0259ll\u0259rin k\u0259silm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0259tll\u0259r hal\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olansa bir a\u011f idi. A\u011f avropal\u0131 zad\u0259gan: Bel\u00e7ika kral\u0131 II Leopold.<\/p>\n

B\u0259li, milyonlarla afrikal\u0131, bir adam\u0131n varlanmaq i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131n qurban\u0131 olmu\u015fdu. Leopold Afrika Konqosunda etdikl\u0259ri il\u0259 Adolf Hitler s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xana q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0259ddarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir n\u00f6mr\u0259li t\u0259msil\u00e7isi olmu\u015f, zal\u0131ml\u0131qda Avropa standartlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Afrikada bir milyon kv.km torpa\u011f\u0131n sahibi v\u0259 bu torpaqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan 20 milyon afrikal\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fas\u0131 olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

1880 v\u0259 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n yeni istehsal olunan velosiped v\u0259 avtomobil s\u0259nayesind\u0259, t\u0259k\u0259r istehsal\u0131nda kau\u00e7uk su v\u0259 hava kimi laz\u0131m idi. Leopoldun Konqo Azad D\u00f6vl\u0259ti d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir n\u00f6mr\u0259li kau\u00e7uk t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc idi.<\/p>\n

Leopold q\u0131sa zamanda b\u00f6y\u00fck bir s\u0259rv\u0259tin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 oturdu\u011funun f\u0259rqin\u0259 vard\u0131 v\u0259 ehtiyac duyulan kau\u00e7ukun daha tez istehsal\u0131 v\u0259 bazara \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rmalad\u0131. Iyirmi il i\u00e7ind\u0259 Bel\u00e7ikadan s\u0259kkiz d\u0259f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck olan bu \u0259razi n\u0259h\u0259ng \u0259m\u0259k d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. A\u011f\u0131r i\u015f \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 artd\u0131qca Leopold da varlan\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min vaxtlar \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lib-ged\u0259n s\u0259yyahlar, missionerl\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r avropal\u0131 tacirl\u0259r f\u0259rqli s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 olsa da, b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki d\u0259h\u015f\u0259td\u0259n b\u0259hs edirdil\u0259r.\u00a0H\u0259r yerd\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6rk olsun dey\u0259 cinsi orqan\u0131ndan as\u0131laraq edam olunan \u00e7\u0131lpaq b\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259r m\u0259zarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259 d\u0259yirdi<\/strong>. Leopoldun z\u0259nginliyi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 cinay\u0259t faktlar\u0131 da art\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin Leopold n\u0259inki m\u00fchakim\u0259 olundu, h\u0259tta Afrikaya m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t aparan ali avropal\u0131 kimi t\u0259qdim olunma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Afrikal\u0131n\u0131n qan\u0131yla Avropaya makiyaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

Leopold Konqodan \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259sinin \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc makiyajlayark\u0259n x\u00fcsusil\u0259 paytaxt Br\u00fcsseld\u0259 \u00e7ox com\u0259rd davrand\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259nin 50-ci m\u00fcst\u0259qillik ilini qeyd etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259h\u0259ng z\u0259f\u0259r abid\u0259si olan, Br\u00fcsseli Br\u00fcssel ed\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn tarixi-memarl\u0131q \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin alt\u0131nda Leopoldun konqolular\u0131n can\u0131ndan qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pulun g\u00fcc\u00fc var. Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 jurnalist v\u0259 tarix\u00e7i Marc Reynebau Leopoldun bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsi pulundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, amma bunu a\u00e7\u0131qlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r. \u018fks halda pulunun qayna\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fulaca\u011f\u0131ndan ehtiyat edirdi.\u00a0 Reynebau onun bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 koloniyal\u0131lar\u0131 nec\u0259 q\u0259ddarcas\u0131na istismar etdiyini gizl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir. Oradan g\u0259l\u0259n qanl\u0131 pullarla \u201cBel\u00e7ika d\u00f6vl\u0259tini b\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n \u0259fsan\u0259\u201d yarad\u0131rd\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn Br\u00fcsseld\u0259 Leopoldun \u015f\u0259xsi b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n x\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k tikdirdiyi M\u0259rk\u0259zi Afrika Kral muzeyi, Konqoda ya\u015fananlarla \u201cAfrikaya m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aparark\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259\u201d ad\u0131yla Leopoldun Konqodak\u0131 \u201cziyal\u0131\u201d f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259rma\u011fan olunub. Muzeyin m\u00fcdiri Guido Gryseels Leopoldun Konqodak\u0131 qanl\u0131 miras\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259kl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r \u201co vaxtlar q\u0259ddar m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7ilik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 var idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r eyni \u015feyl\u0259ri edirdi\u201d dey\u0259r\u0259k bizim d\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fkar oldu\u011fumuz \u201cd\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri bel\u0259 idi\u201d b\u0259han\u0259sini ed\u0259c\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n

Leopoldun Konqosu a\u00e7\u0131q h\u0259bsxana idi. Afrikal\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haqq, \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 azadl\u0131q l\u00fcks s\u00f6zl\u0259r idi. Onlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259k bir s\u0259b\u0259bi var idi: bir-birini \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n a\u011f krallara xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k. Leopold hakimiyy\u0259tinin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dini bel\u0259 izah edirdi: \u201cBel\u00e7ikan\u0131 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck, daha varl\u0131 v\u0259 daha g\u00f6z\u0259l hala salmaq\u201d. Bel\u0259 ki, Leopoldun \u00f6lk\u0259sinin ki\u00e7ik olmas\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 kompleksi var idi. Oksford Universitetinin tarix\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n Dr. Maria Misra da \u201cLeopold m\u00fcasiri olan avropal\u0131 \u0259silzad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259msiz oldu\u011funun v\u0259 bunun da \u00f6lk\u0259sinin ki\u00e7ik olmas\u0131ndan qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdi. \u00d6lk\u0259si b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259rs\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259c\u0259yini bilirdi\u201d formas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131qlama vermi\u015fdi. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, atas\u0131 I Leopold m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n az\u0131, 50 d\u0259f\u0259 c\u0259hd etmi\u015f, amma bunu ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k o\u011fluna qism\u0259t olmu\u015fdu. Zat\u0259n kral olmam\u0131\u015fdan \u00f6nc\u0259 d\u0259 \u201cBel\u00e7ikan\u0131n da bir m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259si olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d deyib dururdu.<\/p>\n

Ehtirasl\u0131 kral \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Fici adalar\u0131, Filippin v\u0259 daha onlarla yer\u0259 baxmas\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n h\u0259r yer tutulmu\u015fdu. Ona uy\u011fun bir yer yox idi. He\u00e7 kimim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Afrikan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 unudulmu\u015f Konqo xaric…<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vr\u00fcn q\u0259ddar v\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur s\u0259yyahlar\u0131ndan biri olan Henry Morton Stanley Konqonun qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Leopolda a\u00e7an imza olacaqd\u0131. Afrikan\u0131 \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n q\u0259rb\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n ilk avropal\u0131 olan Stanley Konqonun Leopold t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ffind\u0259 rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Leopold n\u0259 bahas\u0131na olursa olsun, Konqonu \u201cm\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259\u201d and i\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Bu fikrini d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0259hb\u0259ri krali\u00e7a Viktoriyaya da a\u00e7araq raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alacaqd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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\u201cKonqonu m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r, ey avropal\u0131lar!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Leopold Br\u00fcsseld\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 d\u0259bd\u0259b\u0259li bir toplant\u0131da Konqonu m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 xristianla\u015fd\u0131rmaq fikrind\u0259 oldu\u011funu d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Halbuki \u00f6z\u00fc o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 inancl\u0131 xristian deyildi. Amma bu m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s v\u0259zif\u0259nin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7iliyin \u0259sas mexanizmi oldu\u011funu bil\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r avropal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Leopold Konqoda k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259r, yollar v\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131 tikdirdi. Kral \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00f6z ist\u0259diyi hala d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kis\u0259sinin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bunlar \u00f6lk\u0259ni bir \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259yin haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131 idi. Torpaqlar\u0131n \u0259sl sahibl\u0259rind\u0259n al\u0131nmas\u0131 da laz\u0131m idi. Stanley Br\u00fcsseld\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 konqolu q\u0259bil\u0259 \u015fefl\u0259rinin \u0259lind\u0259n torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.\u00a0 Indi n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 avropal\u0131lar\u0131n da raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almaq idi.<\/p>\n

1884-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Berlind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n v\u0259 he\u00e7 bir afrikal\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259v\u0259t edilm\u0259diyi Berlin-Konqo konfrans\u0131nda avropal\u0131 super g\u00fccl\u0259r Konqonun Leopoldun x\u00fcsusi m\u00fclk\u00fc oldu\u011funu q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Konqoya sahib olan kimi verdiyi \u0259mrl\u0259rl\u0259 Leopold h\u0259r \u015feyin m\u00fctl\u0259q sahibi olmu\u015fdu. Yerli xalq n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259kdis\u0259, kral \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etm\u0259liydi. Leopold ist\u0259dikl\u0259rini etiraz olmadan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Konqoda 60 min n\u0259f\u0259rlik x\u00fcsusi ordu yaratd\u0131. Bel\u00e7ika istehsal\u0131 olan silahlarla t\u0259chiz edil\u0259n bu \u00f6l\u00fcm alay\u0131 Leopoldun Konqodak\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fc, qula\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ham\u0131s\u0131ndan da vacibi- c\u0259llad\u0131 olacaqd\u0131. Konqolular\u0131n a\u011f silahlarla t\u0259min olunmu\u015f qara orduya m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 taq\u0259ti yox idi. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 heyvan kimi me\u015f\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa m\u0259cbur edilirdil\u0259r. Leopoldun Afrikan\u0131 ticar\u0259t\u0259 a\u00e7mas\u0131, xristianla\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 r\u00f6yas\u0131 konqolular\u0131n kabusuna \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara baxmayaraq, Konqo sahibin\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 xeyir ver\u0259n yer deyildi. Leopoldun k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 avtomobil sektorunun yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n kau\u00e7uk t\u0259l\u0259bi oldu. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Konqo rezin material\u0131n xam madd\u0259si olan kau\u00e7uk bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u0259rya idi. Konqolular\u0131n \u00e7il\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 indi ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Kau\u00e7uk \u0259km\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259l\u0259n torpaqlarda k\u0259ndl\u0259r da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131, \u0259halisi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bir yandan \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 art\u0131r, dig\u0259r yandan da Konqonu azad ed\u0259n adam-kral varlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fslind\u0259 haqs\u0131z da say\u0131lmazd\u0131lar.\u00a0 Leopold Konqonu afrikal\u0131 \u0259sir tacirl\u0259rind\u0259n, daha do\u011frusu, tacir r\u0259qibl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259mi\u015fdi. H\u0259min vaxtlar bunun u\u011frunda \u00f6l\u0259n bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rs\u0259 Br\u00fcsseld\u0259 \u201c\u0259sir mill\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 azadl\u0131q aparan \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r\u201d ad\u0131yla c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunurdu.<\/p>\n

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\u201cKau\u00e7uk dem\u0259k \u00f6l\u00fcm dem\u0259kdir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra konqolular ba\u015flar\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n bu f\u0259lak\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259rif verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir deyim uyduracaqd\u0131lar. \u201cBeto febolo yivo\u201d – kau\u00e7uk \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1880-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisi 20 milyon ik\u0259n 1920-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 10 milyona enmi\u015fdi. Bu 40 illik m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 konqolu, kau\u00e7ukun u\u011frunda qurban verilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ki, i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin arvadlar\u0131 \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, yaln\u0131z t\u0259l\u0259b olunan kvota \u00e7atd\u0131rlanda azad burax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Leopoldun raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi. H\u0259tta bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t el\u0259 hala g\u0259lmi\u015fdi ki, b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Konqo Azad D\u00f6vl\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201c\u0259sir ala bilm\u0259k s\u0259lahiyy\u0259ti\u201d\u00a0 sertifikatlar\u0131 verilmi\u015fdi. Bu q\u0259d\u0259r qad\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sir al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerd\u0259 t\u0259cav\u00fcz olaylar\u0131n\u0131 sayma\u011fa is\u0259 kims\u0259nin g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7atmaz.<\/p>\n

Leopold, ill\u0259r sonra Konqoda etdikl\u0259rini \u201cBir xristian\u0131n etm\u0259si vacib olan v\u0259zif\u0259\u201d ad\u0131yla m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 Konqo \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259rcl\u0259diyi h\u0259r bir frank\u0131 geri almaq ist\u0259m\u0259diyini s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u201c\u0259lia\u00e7\u0131q\u201d oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n

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Bir c\u0259sur meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1900-c\u00fc ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259n etibar\u0259n Leopoldun Konqodak\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 etirazlar ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 tarixin yet\u0259rinc\u0259 haqq\u0131n\u0131 verm\u0259diyi q\u0259hr\u0259manlardan biri olan ingilis\/frans\u0131z jurnalisti Edmund Dene Morelin bu q\u0259ddarl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ingilis m\u0259tbuat\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 idi. Morel Konqodan g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n kau\u00e7ukun Bel\u00e7ika v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 limanlar\u0131nda ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 apararaq ilk d\u0259f\u0259 r\u0259smi d\u0259lill\u0259rl\u0259 Konqodak\u0131 biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Etirazlar b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcrd\u00fc. Morel, dem\u0259k olar ki, t\u0259kba\u015f\u0131na krala m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etmi\u015fdi. Liverpulda \u201cVest African Mail\u201d adl\u0131 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xardaraq Konqo m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin daha geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Morel \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 olub-bit\u0259nl\u0259ri \u0259n x\u0131rda detal\u0131na kimi bil\u0259n missionerl\u0259r\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131. Amma onlar\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7aq a\u00e7m\u0131rd\u0131. Ger\u00e7\u0259yi s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kinirdil\u0259r. Leopoldu q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259ndirs\u0259l\u0259r, Konqodan qovulacaqd\u0131lar v\u0259 konqolular\u0131 xristianla\u015fd\u0131ra bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Morel uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra onlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa vadar ed\u0259 bildi. Get-ged\u0259 vicdan sahibl\u0259ri dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n say\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu haqda kitablar yaz\u0131l\u0131r, \u0259lsiz-qolsuz konqolular\u0131n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ri Q\u0259rb medias\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer tap\u0131rd\u0131. Leopolda qar\u015f\u0131 ittihamlar get-ged\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259nirdi. Lakin a\u011f diktator asan t\u0259slim olana ox\u015fam\u0131rd\u0131. Jurnalistl\u0259ri v\u0259 yazarlar\u0131 sat\u0131n alaraq t\u0259bli\u011fata ba\u015flad\u0131. Amerika, Almaniya v\u0259 Fransada t\u0259bli\u011fat ofisl\u0259ri yaradaraq rejimini t\u0259miz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xartma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn Avropada yay\u0131lan ayl\u0131q q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xardaraq Konqonu nec\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirdiyin\u0259 aid yalanlar uydurma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Leopoldun d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni, insanl\u0131q q\u00fcrurunu xilas etm\u0259y\u0259 andl\u0131 olan Morel kral\u0131n \u00e7\u0259mb\u0259rini daha da daraltm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Liverpulda yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cCongo Reform Association\u201d XX \u0259srin ilk insan haqlar\u0131 platformas\u0131 oldu. Q\u0131sa zamanda Avropa qit\u0259sini, ard\u0131ndan is\u0259 Amerikan\u0131 aya\u011fa qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 Xarici \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanan x\u00fcsusi bir raport Konqodak\u0131 biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xaranda Leopold \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Amma \u0259sl z\u0259rb\u0259ni\u00a0 haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 iddialar\u0131 yalanlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Konqoya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi ara\u015fd\u0131rma komissiyas\u0131 vuracaqd\u0131. Onlar \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki d\u0259h\u015f\u0259ti t\u0259sdiql\u0259dil\u0259r. El\u0259 faktlar v\u0259 \u015fahidl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar ki, vicdanlar\u0131na t\u0259slim olub krallar\u0131n\u0131 alovun i\u00e7in\u0259 atma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdular. M\u0259ruz\u0259 Bel\u00e7ikada bomba effekti yaratd\u0131. Ilk d\u0259f\u0259 parlament, din adamlar\u0131 v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar Leopolda qar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdil\u0259r. K\u00fcnc\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131lan Leopold Konqodak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0259mrini verdi. \u201cBura m\u0259nim m\u00fclk\u00fcmd\u00fcr, n\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259m, ed\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m\u201d des\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 \u00e7\u0259mb\u0259r daral\u0131rd\u0131. N\u0259hay\u0259t, Bel\u00e7ika h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1908-ci ild\u0259 Konqonun idar\u0259\u00e7iliyini r\u0259sm\u0259n kral\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259n ald\u0131 v\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 statusu verdi. Bir il sonra Leopold \u00f6ld\u00fc. O da etdikl\u0259rinin c\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131 bu d\u00fcnyada almayanlar siyah\u0131s\u0131na qo\u015fuldu.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131n yax\u0131n Avropan\u0131n \u0259n nifr\u0259t edil\u0259n adam\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. C\u0259naz\u0259 korteji bel\u0259 fit\u0259 bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin Konqonun r\u0259smi olaraq Bel\u00e7ikan\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si il\u0259 tarix yenid\u0259n yaz\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. Leopold b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 yaln\u0131zl\u0131q i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, amma bel\u00e7ikal\u0131lar ondan b\u00fct yaratma\u011fa gecikm\u0259dil\u0259r.\u00a0 \u00d6lk\u0259nin h\u0259r yan\u0131na heyk\u0259li qoyulan Leopold insanl\u0131q m\u00fcc\u0259ss\u0259m\u0259si kimi tan\u0131nma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00dcst\u0259lik Konqoda tap\u0131lan q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 almaz m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259ri m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 yeni bir s\u0259hif\u0259 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bel\u00e7ika kral\u0131 \u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 Konqoda n\u0259h\u0259ng m\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259nayesi qurmu\u015fdu.\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan yararlan\u0131b varlanmaq vark\u0259n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 aid suallarla vicdan\u0131 s\u0131zlatmaq asand\u0131? Zat\u0259n asan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bel\u00e7ikal\u0131lar da g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Konqonun yeralt\u0131 v\u0259 yer\u00fcst\u00fc qaynaqlar\u0131ndan \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n z\u0259nginliyin s\u0259fas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259rk\u0259n Leopolda \u0259sla haqq etm\u0259diyi \u015f\u0259r\u0259f b\u0259x\u015f etdil\u0259r. Konqoda ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirdiyi XIX \u0259srin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 unutma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Konqo bir daha \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259di. 1960-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Bel\u00e7ikadan ayr\u0131l\u0131b m\u00fcst\u0259qil olsa da, h\u0259rbi diktaturadan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 kimi u\u011fursuz tarixin n\u00fcmun\u0259si oldu. Leopoldun qan qoxan ruhu \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259ll\u0259rini he\u00e7 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259di.<\/p>\n

\u201cO d\u00f6vr\u00fcn dig\u0259r m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, Fransa, Hollandiya \u00a0koloniyalar\u0131na pul x\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sinin vacib oldu\u011fu fikrin\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Amma XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na giri\u015f\u0259n Bel\u00e7ikan\u0131n Leopoldu bunun tam \u0259ksini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 hakim d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 pul g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259li idi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prof. Daniel Vangroenveghe. Tarix\u00e7i.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cBu k\u0259ndlil\u0259r bir ovuc yaramazdan ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyil. Onlar kau\u00e7uk sah\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259hv edibl\u0259r. Bunlar\u0131 ya tamam\u0259n boyun \u0259ydirm\u0259li, ya da ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc qaz\u0131mal\u0131y\u0131q. Onlara x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q et. \u018fg\u0259r bir kau\u00e7uk asmas\u0131na bir daha toxunarlarsa, son n\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 kimi \u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jules Jacques. Kral Leopoldun Konqodak\u0131 komissar\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

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T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdi v\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131: Emin Piri<\/strong><\/p>\n

xeber365.com<\/p>\n

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Fotolar<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Yaz\u0131ya 650 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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