{"id":11406,"date":"2018-11-08T19:05:57","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T15:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=11406"},"modified":"2018-11-08T19:05:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T15:05:57","slug":"etibar-k%c9%99rimli-%c9%99li-sultanli-v%c9%99-a-m-mudrov-antik-%c9%99d%c9%99biyyat-tarixi-d%c9%99rsliyinin-mu%c9%99llifi-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=11406","title":{"rendered":"Etibar K\u018fR\u0130ML\u0130 – \u018fL\u0130 SULTANLI V\u018f A.M. MUDROV: \u201cANT\u0130K \u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT TAR\u0130X\u0130\u201d D\u018fRSL\u0130Y\u0130N\u0130N M\u00dc\u018fLL\u0130F\u0130 K\u0130MD\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"12032108_840597832726934_275872780581749711_n\"<\/a>Az\u0259rbaycan filoloji elminin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan \u018fli Sultanl\u0131 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 il\u0259 30-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti \u201cXarici \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi kimi m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. S\u0131rf q\u0259dim yunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na aid onun ilk elmi i\u015fi 1946-c\u0131 ild\u0259 (\u201cAntik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 b\u0259diyyat v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d), son i\u015fi is\u0259 1959-cu ild\u0259 (\u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201d) i\u015fiq \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Alimin bu sah\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas istiqam\u0259ti d\u0259rslik haz\u0131rlamaq, eyni zamanda antik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n t\u0259drisi il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq idi. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ondan daha \u00f6nc\u0259 bu i\u015fl\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r sistematik m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan dig\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan alimi \u018fkb\u0259r A\u011fayev idi v\u0259 onun 1938-ci ild\u0259 \u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixi o\u00e7erkl\u0259ri\u201d d\u0259rsliyi i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, \u018f. A\u011fayev d\u0259rsliyini haz\u0131rlayark\u0259n ittifaq \u0259razisind\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin az olmas\u0131ndan \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259rdis\u0259, \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n bel\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir \u0259sas\u0131 yox idi, bel\u0259 ki, 1930-cu ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq, 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bu sah\u0259d\u0259 bir-birinin ard\u0131nca m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin d\u0259rslikl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc (m\u0259s., Deratani N.F. Anti\u00e7naya literatura,1938; Radsiq S.\u0130. \u0130storiya drevneqre\u00e7eskoy literatur\u0131, 1940; \u0130storiya qre\u00e7eskoy literatur\u0131 (Red. koll.), 1946; \u0130storiya qre\u00e7eskoy literatur\u0131 (Red. koll.), 1955; Boruxovi\u00e7 V. O\u00e7erki po istorii drevneqre\u00e7eskoy literatur\u0131 klassi\u00e7eskoqo perioda, 1957; Tronski \u0130.M. \u0130storiya anti\u00e7noy literatur\u0131, 1946 v\u0259 s.). Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, alimin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olark\u0259n, onun antik \u0259d\u0259biyyata dair yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 elmi i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d (1958) d\u0259rsliyind\u0259ki bir \u00e7ox m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 A.M. Mudrovun g\u00fccl\u00fc \u201ct\u0259sir\u201d buraxd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. \u018ffsuslar olsun ki, bu alimin h\u0259yat v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ox azd\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z onu dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, o, BDU-nun ilk burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f m\u0259zunlar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015fdur\u00a0 (1925-ci il\u0259d\u0259k Universiteti bitirmi\u015fdir). \u018f. Sultanl\u0131 \u201cFilologiya fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin tarixind\u0259n\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 1930-cu ild\u0259 \u201cDil v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d fak\u00fclt\u0259si yeni t\u0259\u015fkilatlanma prosesi ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n, oradak\u0131 kafedralar\u0131n t\u0259rkibi haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verir v\u0259 bu zaman \u201cQ\u0259rbi Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d kafedras\u0131nda prof. \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 dos. A.M. Mudrovun adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir. Onu da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, h\u0259l\u0259 \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 klassik filologiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f aliml\u0259rd\u0259n biri olan Vya\u00e7eslav \u0130vanov m\u0259hz Mudrovun t\u0259hsil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 universitetimizd\u0259 antik \u0259d\u0259biyyatdan d\u0259rs deyirdi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 bu alimin pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sini t\u0259yin etm\u0259k o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin deyil. A.M. Mudrovun \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201dna daxil olmu\u015f m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 onun bu sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259rin savada malik oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut edir. Alimin q\u0259l\u0259mind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z n\u0259z\u0259ri s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 klassik filologiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ox elmi i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda 50-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda antik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n t\u0259drisi i\u015fini keyfiyy\u0259tc\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ltm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dini qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyan iki b\u00f6y\u00fck hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdi. 1958-ci ild\u0259 \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyi (redaktor C. C\u0259f\u0259rov), 1959-cu ild\u0259 is\u0259 \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201d (redaktor \u018f. A\u011fayev) n\u0259\u015fr olunaraq t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin, h\u0259m\u00e7inin bu sah\u0259 il\u0259 maraqlanan geni\u015f elmi ictimaiyy\u0259tin ixtiyar\u0131na verildi. H\u0259r iki d\u0259rsliyin Az\u0259rbaycanda klassik filologiya sah\u0259sin\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259siri olsa da, onlar\u0131n he\u00e7 biri, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, elmi-t\u0259dqiqat xarakteri da\u015f\u0131m\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259r iki d\u0259rslik filologiya fak\u00fclt\u0259sind\u0259 oxuyan t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f, antik \u0259d\u0259biyyatdan ke\u00e7il\u0259n d\u0259rsl\u0259rin proqram\u0131na uy\u011fun haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. N\u0259hay\u0259t, bu d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 h\u0259r iki d\u0259rsliyin t\u0259rtib\u00e7isinin \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 idi. B\u0259li, biz t\u0259sad\u00fcfi olaraq \u201ct\u0259rtib\u00e7i\u201d ifad\u0259sini i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259dik. Bel\u0259 ki, \u018f. Sultanl\u0131 \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyinin m\u00fc\u0259llifi deyil, m\u0259hz t\u0259rtib\u00e7isi adland\u0131r\u0131lsa daha do\u011fru olar. Fikrimizi s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r iki d\u0259rsliyi m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k z\u0259rur\u0259ti var .<\/p>\n

Ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, h\u0259r iki d\u0259rslikd\u0259 veril\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcmumi s\u0259viyy\u0259si o d\u00f6vr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sovet Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131nda antik \u0259d\u0259biyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n xeyli y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. Biz art\u0131q bu d\u0259rslikl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki kobud, tez-tez t\u0259krarlanan n\u00f6qsanlara rast g\u0259lmirik. N\u00f6qsanlar \u00e7ox azd\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n kitab\u0131n I hiss\u0259sind\u0259 (\u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d) m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. \u018fvv\u0259lki d\u0259rslik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259mizd\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan ciddi metodoloji q\u00fcsurlara da rast g\u0259linmir. M\u0259s., b\u0259hsl\u0259r kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r ki\u00e7ik d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri ehtiva edir ki, bu da bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llif\u0259 h\u0259min b\u0259hsl\u0259rd\u0259 toxunulan m\u00f6vzunu daha d\u0259rind\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131 yarad\u0131r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin material\u0131 daha asan qavramas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.<\/p>\n

Lakin \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201dnin bir m\u00fch\u00fcm c\u0259h\u0259ti vard\u0131r ki, o \u00fcmumikd\u0259 qeyri-pe\u015f\u0259kar s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 klassik filologiya il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn spesifik \u0259lam\u0259tdir.\u00a0 D\u0259rslikd\u0259 plagiat hallar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/p>\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n antik \u0259d\u0259biyyata dair yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 elmi i\u015fl\u0259rinin sonunda \u0259d\u0259biyyat siyah\u0131s\u0131 n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmir. Bunu bir alim kimi onun ba\u015fl\u0131ca n\u00f6qsan\u0131 hesab etm\u0259k olar. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u201c\u0130lk s\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcnd\u0259 \u018f. Siltanl\u0131 \u201ct\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin\u0259\u201d \u00f6z t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bildirs\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259min m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin adlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n konkret olaraq M\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131n hans\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rini yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rmir. Yaln\u0131z d\u0259rsliyin \u201cM\u00fcnd\u0259ricat\u201d\u0131nda c\u0259mi \u00fc\u00e7 yaz\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda A.M. Mudrov imzas\u0131 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 bu hiss\u0259l\u0259r haqq\u0131nda. M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda A.M. Mudrov imzas\u0131 il\u0259 ged\u0259n ilk yaz\u0131 \u201cRespublika d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Roma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Bu b\u0259hs eyni adl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131qla \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyind\u0259 \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 getmi\u015fdir. H\u0259r iki d\u0259rslikd\u0259 veril\u0259n yazilar\u0131n tamamil\u0259 eyni olmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259yani \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 sitatlar\u0131 g\u0259tiririk.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda: \u201cYunan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti kimi, Roma quldarl\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259ti d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259ri ke\u00e7irmi\u015f, lakin Engelsin t\u0259birinc\u0259, burada \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn prosesl\u0259r yeni y\u00fcks\u0259k pill\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259krar olunurdu\u201d. Yunan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarakter olan ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r Roma c\u0259miyy\u0259ti tarixind\u0259, x\u00fcsus\u0259n Roma imperiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259n k\u0259skin ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 ke\u00e7ir ki, bu da Antik quldarl\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur\u201d (A.M. Mudrov).<\/p>\n

D\u0259rslikd\u0259: \u201cYunan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti kimi, Roma quldarl\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259ti d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259ri ke\u00e7irmi\u015f, lakin Elgelsin t\u0259birinc\u0259, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn prosesi daha y\u00fcks\u0259k pill\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259krar\u201d etmi\u015fdir. Yunan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r, Roma c\u0259miyy\u0259ti tarixind\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 imperiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259n k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kil alaraq quldarl\u0131q ictimai qurulu\u015funun m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur\u201d (\u018f. Sultanl\u0131).<\/p>\n

Redakt\u0259 xarakterli d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015fl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almasaq, eynilik g\u00f6z qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda A.M. Mudrovun imzas\u0131 il\u0259 ged\u0259n ikinci b\u0259hs \u201cAvqust \u0259srind\u0259 Roma c\u0259miyy\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti\u201d adlan\u0131r. \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201dnd\u0259 is\u0259 bu b\u0259hs \u201c\u0130mperiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Roma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d f\u0259slinin \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259\u201dsi kimi getmi\u015fdir. Burada d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259lki b\u0259hs\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n \u00e7oxdur. Lakin bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 yaz\u0131ya \u0259lav\u0259 yenilik g\u0259tirmir, onu keyfiyy\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259 bilmir. D\u0259rslik m\u00fc\u0259llifi sad\u0259c\u0259 A.M. Mudrovun m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 qeyd olunan m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u00f6z c\u00fcml\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 yenid\u0259n q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Konkret n\u00fcmun\u0259:<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda: \u201cSenat t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cAvqust\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan Oktavian\u0131n t\u0259sis etdiyi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015fu \u0259slind\u0259 Roma quldarl\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dini g\u00fcd\u0259n h\u0259rbi diktatura idi\u201d (A.M. Mudrov).<\/p>\n

D\u0259rslikd\u0259: \u201cAvqust\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 tarix\u0259 daxil olan Oktavian\u0131n Romada yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ictimai qurulu\u015f, \u0259slind\u0259 quldarl\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini bir m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dini g\u00fcd\u0259n h\u0259rbi diktatura idi\u201d ( \u018f. Sultanl\u0131).<\/p>\n

\u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n A.M. Mudrova m\u0259xsus m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri nec\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 sitat daha ayd\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda: \u201cAvqust h\u0259min d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015funu bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 yaratmam\u0131\u015f; Roma imperiyas\u0131nda xalq m\u0259clisi, senat, konsullar, tribunlar v\u0259 b. bir \u00e7ox k\u00f6hn\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r kimi bir \u00e7ox respublika orqanlar\u0131 formal olaraq uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin bu respublika formalar\u0131 Avqustun rejimi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Avqust ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n islahat yolu il\u0259 tamam hakimiyy\u0259ti \u00f6z \u0259lin\u0259 al\u0131r\u201d\u00a0 (A.M. Mudrov).<\/p>\n

D\u0259rslikd\u0259: \u201cD\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259 \u00fcsulunu d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259 is\u0259 Oktavian t\u0259l\u0259smirdi, t\u0259dricl\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edirdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259dir ki, yeni nizam-intizam \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 senat, konsullar, tribunlar v\u0259 b. bu kimi bir \u00e7ox respublika orqanlar\u0131 v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri formal olaraq uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Halbuki, bu respublika orqanlar\u0131 Avqust rejimi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131 deyildi. Avqust bir s\u0131ra islahatlar, yeni qanunlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yava\u015f-yava\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn hakimiyy\u0259ti \u00f6z \u0259lin\u0259 al\u0131r\u201d\u00a0 (\u018f. Sultanl\u0131).<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda \u201cEram\u0131z\u0131n I \u0259srind\u0259 Roma c\u0259miyy\u0259ti v\u0259 onun m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti\u201d adl\u0131 b\u0259hs A.M. Mudrovun imzas\u0131 il\u0259 ged\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259qal\u0259dir. \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyind\u0259 \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u201cG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6vr\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ged\u0259n b\u0259hsl\u0259 yax\u0131ndan s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fir. Burada da \u018f. Sultanl\u0131 birba\u015fa k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 yolu il\u0259 getm\u0259mi\u015f, A. Mudrovda qeyd olunan ba\u015fl\u0131ca hiss\u0259l\u0259ri ki\u00e7ik d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6z d\u0259rsliyin\u0259 daxil etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n 3 f\u0259slin ist\u0259r \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyind\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 1959-cu il M\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131nda A.M. Mudrova m\u0259xsus olmas\u0131 he\u00e7 bir \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 do\u011furmur. Lakin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 bu 3 m\u0259qal\u0259 il\u0259 d\u0259 qurtarm\u0131r. B\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda ged\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259hsl\u0259r A.M. Mudrova m\u0259xsusdur. Dig\u0259r m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r imzas\u0131z verildiyind\u0259n, bel\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r ki, onlar t\u0259rtib\u00e7inin, y\u0259ni \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunun \u0259ksini, y\u0259ni yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u018f. Sultanl\u0131ya deyil, A.M. Mudrova m\u0259xsus oldu\u011funu ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir q\u0259d\u0259r diqq\u0259tli olmaq yet\u0259r. M\u00fcnt\u0259xabatda imzal\u0131 veril\u0259n 3 f\u0259sill\u0259 imzas\u0131z ged\u0259n dig\u0259r f\u0259sill\u0259rin stilistikas\u0131, daxili strukturu eynidir. A.M. Mudrovun yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6z y\u00fcks\u0259k elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Ad\u0259t\u0259n o, h\u0259r hans\u0131 antik m\u00fc\u0259llif haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131rsa, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259dibin h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat verir. Bu hiss\u0259nin y\u0131\u011fcaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na baxmayaraq, orada oxucu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259r\u0259kli olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259lumatlar \u0259hat\u0259 edilir. Sonra b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckd\u0259 \u0259dibin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f hiss\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, burada antik \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir, onlar\u0131n m\u0259zmunu haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhurlar\u0131 is\u0259 ciddi t\u0259hlil\u0259 c\u0259lb edilir. T\u0259hlild\u0259n sonra h\u0259min \u0259dibin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na xas olan spesifik \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r bir-bir g\u00f6st\u0259rilir, bu \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k formada izah\u0131 verilir, onlar\u0131n d\u00f6vrl\u0259, konkret ictimai-siyasi qurulu\u015fla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri unudulmur. A.M. Mudrov h\u0259m\u00e7inin antik \u0259d\u0259bi n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin dilin\u0259 d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi toxunur, bu dilin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u011funu, folklor v\u0259 ya klassik, t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li \u0259d\u0259bi \u00fcslubla ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fkarlay\u0131r. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, Mudrov q\u0259dim yunan dilind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 ki, q\u0259dim abid\u0259l\u0259ri orijinaldan oxuya bilm\u0259y\u0259n alim onlar\u0131n dili haqq\u0131nda bel\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st t\u0259hlil ver\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. A.M. Mudrov q\u0259l\u0259min\u0259 xas olan bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri biz \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201dna daxil edilmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259hsl\u0259rd\u0259 a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. Bu b\u0259hsl\u0259r \u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201dnin \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 eynil\u0259 t\u0259krarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, biz d\u0259rslikd\u0259 bu hiss\u0259nin \u018f. Sultanl\u0131ya deyil, A.M. Mudova m\u0259xsus oldu\u011funu q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

\u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201dnin birinci \u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259si haqda da bir ne\u00e7\u0259 k\u0259lm\u0259 dem\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac var. \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n antik \u0259d\u0259biyyata v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr etidiyi \u0259n u\u011furlu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n b\u0259zi spesifik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r a\u015fkarlan\u0131r. A.M. Mudrovdan f\u0259rqli olaraq, o, antik \u0259dibl\u0259rin h\u0259yatlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda ad\u0259t\u0259n geni\u015f m\u0259lumat verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bu sah\u0259y\u0259 aid b\u00fct\u00fcn folklor m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri, mifl\u0259r bir-bir xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u00c7ox zaman m\u00fc\u0259llifin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr haqq\u0131nda da geni\u015f m\u0259lumat verilir, lakin bunlar s\u0131rf tarixi xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r, \u0259dibin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilmir. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259 burada t\u0259hlil deyil, t\u0259svir\u00e7ilik h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin t\u0259fsilat\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259zmunlar\u0131 verilir. S\u0131rf m\u0259zmunun t\u0259svir edilm\u0259sin\u0259 ne\u00e7\u0259-ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259sr edilir, t\u0259hlil is\u0259 ya he\u00e7 yoxdur, ya da \u00e7ox q\u0131sa v\u0259 s\u0259thidir. A.M. Mudrovdan f\u0259rqli olaraq, \u018f. Sultanl\u0131 antik \u0259d\u0259bi n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin dili haqq\u0131nda ad\u0259t\u0259n \u00e7ox q\u0131sa, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259thi m\u0259lumat verm\u0259kl\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nir. Bu tip yaz\u0131lar d\u0259rsliyin \u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 (Homer\u0259, Hesioda, yunan faci\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 komediyas\u0131na, q\u0259dim yunan lirikas\u0131na h\u0259sr olunan f\u0259sill\u0259r) a\u015fkar \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. \u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sinin \u018f. Sultanl\u0131ya m\u0259xsus olmas\u0131n\u0131 daha bir \u0259lam\u0259t s\u00fcbut edir. \u018fg\u0259r \u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 Roma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri v\u0259 bu d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259dibl\u0259r \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdursa, d\u0259rsliyin \u201cYunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 biz bunu g\u00f6rm\u00fcr\u00fck. M\u00fc\u0259llif burada \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixini \u201cEllinizm d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201dn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259tirib \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r, Roma d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda, bu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Plutarx, Lukian, Yunan roman\u0131 kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259hsl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir m\u0259lumat verilmir.<\/p>\n

Deyil\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lum olur ki\u201cAntik \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixi\u201d d\u0259rsliyinin m\u00fc\u0259llifi yaln\u0131z \u018f. Sultanl\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 A.M. Mudrovdur. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u018f. Sultanl\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t arxivind\u0259 saxlan\u0131lan Fondunda d\u0259rsliy\u0259 daxil olmu\u015f he\u00e7 bir m\u0259qal\u0259nin qaralamas\u0131, yaxud makinada yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f variant\u0131 yoxdur. Bu da, fikrimc\u0259, onun\u00a0 m\u00fc\u0259llifliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc arqumentdir.<\/p>\n

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Yaz\u0131ya 1102 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan filoloji elminin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan \u018fli Sultanl\u0131 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 il\u0259 30-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti \u201cXarici \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi kimi m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. S\u0131rf q\u0259dim yunan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na aid onun ilk elmi i\u015fi 1946-c\u0131 ild\u0259 (\u201cAntik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 b\u0259diyyat v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d), son i\u015fi is\u0259 1959-cu ild\u0259 (\u201cRoma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat\u0131\u201d) i\u015fiq \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,4,14,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11406"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11406"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11408,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11406\/revisions\/11408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}