{"id":11409,"date":"2018-11-08T19:29:07","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T15:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=11409"},"modified":"2018-11-08T19:29:07","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T15:29:07","slug":"s%c9%99rif-yilmaz-islamiyetten-once-turklerde-kadin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=11409","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0259rif Y\u0131lmaz – \u0130slamiyetten \u00d6nce T\u00fcrklerde Kad\u0131n …"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"43760006_2041852552538335_4315784933764235264_o<\/a>Her\u015feyden \u00f6nce bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir ki; kad\u0131n olmasayd\u0131, insanl\u0131kta olmazd\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda aile en \u00f6nemli sosyal birlik oldu\u011fundan, ailenin temelini te\u015fkil eden kad\u0131n, T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrk felsefesinde \u00f6yle y\u00fcce bir mertebeye kurulmu\u015ftur ki, kad\u0131n\u0131 bir y\u00fcksek varl\u0131k haline getiren t\u00f6reye ve k\u00fclt\u00fcre hayran olmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Kad\u0131n, erke\u011fin tek e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n annesi oldu\u011fundan ba\u015fka, \u00a0\u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6rev ile de g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. O, T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin tek bereket kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131na, o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferler ve haklar verilmi\u015ftir ki, T\u00fcrk hanlar\u0131 ve hakanlar\u0131 e\u015flerine, ota\u011flar\u0131nda huzurlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan diplomat misafirlerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile, bir \u015feref abidesi gibi davran\u0131rlard\u0131 ve davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da te\u015fvik edip muhataplar\u0131ndan isterlerdi. T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda kad\u0131n, ilahi bir varl\u0131k konumuna y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki, eri\u015filmezli\u011fi, sadakati aile \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi, dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, onur ve \u015feref kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, onu her zaman ister aile, isterse toplum i\u00e7inde y\u00fcksek de\u011fere sahip k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin en eski destanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131’n\u0131n da Yaratdan’a ilham veren ”Ak Ana ” ad\u0131nda ki kad\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Atam\u0131z\u0131n kutlu e\u015flerinden biri mavi bir \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan, di\u011feri ise,kutsal bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan do\u011fmu\u015f ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kad\u0131nlard\u0131r. Bilge Ka\u011fan kitabesinde Ka\u011fan, ” Sizler, Anam Katun, b\u00fcy\u00fck annelerim, hala ve teyzelerim, prenseslerim..” s\u00f6zleri ile hitab\u0131na ba\u015flar. Eski T\u00fcrk inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re ”Han ile Hatun” g\u00f6k ve yerin evlatlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kad\u0131n\u0131n yeri yedinci kat g\u00f6kt\u00fcr. Eski T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda kad\u0131n, erke\u011finin her daim yan\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kad\u0131n erke\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 kabul edilirdi. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde destan kahramanlar\u0131, iyi ata binen, iyi sava\u015fan, iyi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullanan kad\u0131nlarla evlenmek istemektedirler.\u00a0 \u00d6rnek olarak Korkut Ata’n\u0131n Bams\u0131 Beyrek hikayesindeki Banu \u00c7i\u00e7ek Katun’u verebiliriz. Eski bir T\u00fcrk atas\u00f6z\u00fc; ”Birinci zenginlik sa\u011fl\u0131k, ikinci zenginlik iyi bir kad\u0131nd\u0131r” der.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015fta kad\u0131nlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman eline ge\u00e7mesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir utan\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, kad\u0131n\u0131 esir d\u00fc\u015fen bir erkek, kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 esaretten kurtarmadan elinde ve obas\u0131nda ya\u015famazd\u0131. O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan destan\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, kad\u0131na \u015fiddet ve kad\u0131n\u0131 zorlama \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0\u0131rza tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn cezas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm veya g\u00f6zlere mil \u00e7ekilmesiydi. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ise, tecav\u00fczc\u00fcn\u00fcn, i\u00e7i oyulmu\u015f, alt taraf\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilip kendi d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131nda zehirlenip \u00f6lmesi sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Arap gezgini Ahmed bin Fadlan: T\u00fcrklerin tecav\u00fcz su\u00e7lusunun bacaklar\u0131ndan \u00e7apraz ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f iki a\u011faca ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ipin kesilmesi sureti ile bacaklar\u0131n ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda belirtir. Yine Arap gezgini olan \u0130bn’i Batuta \u015f\u00f6yle der;\u00a0“Burada tuhaf bir hale \u015fahit oldum ki o da T\u00fcrkler’in kad\u0131nlar\u0131na g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi h\u00fcrmetti. Burada kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131ymeti ve derecesi erkeklerinden daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.” \u015eunu asla ve kat’a unutmamak gerekir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, gerek Avrupa\u2019da gerekse b\u00fct\u00fcn peygamberlerin indirildi\u011fi Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kad\u0131n sadece ya k\u00f6le ya da cariyedir. Yine \u00e7ok enterasand\u0131r ki; o d\u00f6nemde bilinen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir b\u00f6lgesinde kad\u0131n erke\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcyemez ve \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7emezken bile, T\u00fcrkler’de kad\u0131n erke\u011finin yan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ka\u011fan\u0131n buyruklar\u0131 yaln\u0131z “Ka\u011fan buyuruyor ki” ifadesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsa ge\u00e7erli kabul edilmezdi.\u00a0Yabanc\u0131 devletlerin el\u00e7ilerinin kabul\u00fcnde hatun da hakanla beraber olurdu. T\u00f6ren ve \u015f\u00f6lenlerde kad\u0131n, hakan\u0131n solunda oturur siyasi ve idari konumlardaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini beyan ederdi. Mesela, b\u00fcy\u00fck Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ad\u0131na \u00c7in ile ilk bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Tanr\u0131kut Mete Han’\u0131n Katunu imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Ebul Gazi Bahad\u0131r Han, “Secere-i Terakime’de,” O\u011fuz ilinde, yedi k\u0131z\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar beylik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Beylik yapan bu k\u0131zlar\u0131n isimlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Boyu uzun Burla, Bar\u00e7\u0131n, Salur, Cumartesi Hatun, K\u00fcni K\u00f6rkli, Ker\u00e7 bulad\u0131, Ku\u011fatl\u0131 han\u0131m. Kad\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceli\u011fi ve zirveye yerle\u015ftirilmesi,\u00a0Altay Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek tepesine “Kad\u0131nba\u015f\u0131” ismi verilerek ya\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrklerde kad\u0131n, miras hakk\u0131na da sahipti. Kad\u0131n\u0131n kendine ait m\u00fclk\u00fc mevcuttu. Kad\u0131n\u0131n bunu istedi\u011fi gibi kullanma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"turk-kadini\"<\/a>Eski T\u00fcrklerde koca kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fayabildi\u011fi gibi, kad\u0131nda kocas\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fayabilirdi. \u0130slamiyetten \u00f6nce, T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda kad\u0131ns\u0131z bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmezdi. Kad\u0131n erke\u011fin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olurdu. O, s\u00fcrekli erke\u011finin yan\u0131nda onunla omuz omuza m\u00fccadele ederdi. T\u00fcrk milletinin \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi kendi kad\u0131n\u0131na verdi\u011fi de\u011fer, hi\u00e7 de di\u011fer milletlerle ayn\u0131 de\u011fildi. Onlarda kad\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131m tamamen farkl\u0131 ve ac\u0131nacak haldeydi. Cahiliye d\u00f6neminde Araplarda, kad\u0131n\u0131n kocas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki de\u011feri, al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan bir maldan farks\u0131zd\u0131. Arap erke\u011fi asla kad\u0131n\u0131 ile bir arada oturmaz, onunla yiyip i\u00e7mez ve kararlar kabul etmezdi.\u00a0Hatta, bir ara k\u0131z evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 diri diri topra\u011fa g\u00f6men peygamberlerin g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi Arap milleti de\u011fil miydi.?<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemin bilinen co\u011frafyas\u0131nda b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrklerde kad\u0131n, idare eden, y\u00f6neten ve karar mekanizmas\u0131nda son mercidir… Eski T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131 tam bir birey gibi, Roma kad\u0131n\u0131ndan daha fazla haklara sahipti. Roma hukuk kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re kad\u0131n, kendi mal\u0131, m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde h\u00fck\u00fcm veya vasiyet yapamazd\u0131. Roma kanunlar\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131 tam kabul etmiyordu. Onu noksan ak\u0131ll\u0131 say\u0131yordu. Roma’da dul kad\u0131n\u0131n evlenmesi su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7in’de yeni do\u011fan bebek, o\u011flan oldu\u011fu takdirde pahal\u0131 par\u00e7alara, k\u0131z olunca ise bez par\u00e7alar\u0131na sar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ran’da ise kanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemek i\u00e7in yak\u0131n akrabalarla evlilik uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zamanla anne ve k\u0131z karde\u015fleri ile evlenenler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bundan y\u00fcz ya da y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l\u00a0y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde kad\u0131n, erke\u011fin sofras\u0131na oturma hakk\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, sorulmadan s\u00f6ze ba\u015flamas\u0131 da caiz de\u011fildi. Kocas\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ucuna b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sopa asard\u0131 ki, kar\u0131s\u0131 ne zaman bir emrini yerine getirmezse onu kullans\u0131n. Kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc, asla k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bile\u00a0ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmazd\u0131. Erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ise, analar\u0131na ev i\u00e7inde bir hizmet\u00e7i kad\u0131ndan fazla de\u011fer vermezlerdi.<\/p>\n

”\u00a0 D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde durum b\u00f6yle iken, ba\u015fka uluslar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ile birlikte T\u00fcrk k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131, toplumun \u015ferefli bir ferdi olarak itibar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle ihti\u015fam i\u00e7inde, sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rerek ya\u015famas\u0131, T\u00fcrk karakter ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek de\u011ferlere lay\u0131k oldu\u011funun bariz \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Kad\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n anas\u0131d\u0131r. Ona de\u011fer vermek t\u00fcm toplum ve toplumlar\u0131n en \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6revi ve borcudur!<\/p>\n

Samsun Haber<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 885 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Her\u015feyden \u00f6nce bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir ki; kad\u0131n olmasayd\u0131, insanl\u0131kta olmazd\u0131. Eski T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda aile en \u00f6nemli sosyal birlik oldu\u011fundan, ailenin temelini te\u015fkil eden kad\u0131n, T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrk felsefesinde \u00f6yle y\u00fcce bir mertebeye kurulmu\u015ftur ki, kad\u0131n\u0131 bir y\u00fcksek varl\u0131k haline getiren t\u00f6reye ve k\u00fclt\u00fcre hayran olmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Kad\u0131n, erke\u011fin tek e\u015fi ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,6,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11409"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11409"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11415,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11409\/revisions\/11415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}