{"id":16533,"date":"2021-05-24T17:47:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-24T12:47:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=16533"},"modified":"2021-05-24T17:47:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T12:47:54","slug":"eqonun-mudafi%c9%99-mexanizml%c9%99ri-%c9%99sasinda-b%c9%99dii-%c9%99s%c9%99rl%c9%99rin-t%c9%99hlili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=16533","title":{"rendered":"Eqonun m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin t\u0259hlili"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"IMG_3889<\/a>M\u0259\u015fhur Avstriyal\u0131 h\u0259kim Ziqmurd Freydin psixoanaliz t\u0259limi yaln\u0131z nevrotik pozuntulardan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmay\u0131b bununla yana\u015f\u0131 XX \u0259srin humanitar elm v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t tarixind\u0259 d\u0259 yeni bir eran\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

\u201cPsixoanaliz\u201d\u00a0 terminini ilk d\u0259f\u0259frans\u0131z dilind\u0259 30 mart 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Nevroloji jurnalda \u00e7ap olunan nevrozlar\u0131n etimologiyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259n Z.Freyd insan\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131 meyll\u0259ri v\u0259 psixoanalizin ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r elm sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259, humanitar elm sah\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259siri bar\u0259sind\u0259 onlarla \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201cYuxular\u0131n \u015f\u0259rhi\u201d, \u201cV.Yensenin \u201cQradivada say\u0131qlama v\u0259 yuxular\u201d\u0131\u201d, \u201cLeonardo da Vin\u00e7i haqq\u0131nda xatir\u0259l\u0259r\u201d, \u201cTotem v\u0259 tabu\u201d, \u201cPsixoanaliz\u0259 giri\u015f\u0259 dair m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r\u201d, \u201cH\u0259zz prinsipinin o tay\u0131nda\u201d, \u201cK\u00fctl\u0259 psixologiyas\u0131 v\u0259 insan M\u0259ninin t\u0259hlili\u201d, \u201cM\u0259n v\u0259 \u0130d\u201d, \u201cBir ill\u00fcziyan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi\u201d, \u201cDostoyevski v\u0259 ata qatilliyi\u201d, \u201cM\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259td\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131q\u201d, \u201cMusa v\u0259 t\u0259kallahl\u0131q\u201d v\u0259 s. x\u00fcsusi yer tutur.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin psixi strukturunuFreyd Ono-\u0130d, M\u0259n-Eqo, F\u00f6vq\u0259l-M\u0259n-Super-Eqo olmaqla \u00fc\u00e7 yer\u0259 ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin ilkin, \u0259sas, m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259si\u0130d (Ono) insan kimliyinin t\u0259m\u0259lini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u0130nsan\u0131n kompleksl\u0259rini, fantaziyalar\u0131n\u0131, xatir\u0259l\u0259rini, ist\u0259kl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva ed\u0259n qaranl\u0131q, \u0259l\u00e7atmaz hiss\u0259si olub b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckd\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin enerji m\u0259nb\u0259yi rolunu oynay\u0131r v\u0259 tamamil\u0259 \u015f\u00fcursuzdur. Xarici v\u0259 daxili al\u0259md\u0259n ayr\u0131laraq tamamil\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil olan v\u0259 zaman v\u0259 m\u0259kan anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na tabe olmayan \u0130d u\u015faql\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n etibar\u0259n insan\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi v\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131na at\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn hisl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 toplayaraq son m\u0259qs\u0259di h\u0259zz duy\u011fusudur. H\u0259m d\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Eqo v\u0259 Super-Eqo \u0130dd\u0259n ayr\u0131laraq inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130dl\u0259 xarici d\u00fcnya aras\u0131ndabir vasit\u0259\u00e7i rolunu oynayan Eqo \u0130dd\u0259n inki\u015faf edir v\u0259 onun enerjisi il\u0259 qidalan\u0131r. Eqo inki\u015faf etdikc\u0259 \u0130din t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 edib ondan f\u0259rqli olaraq t\u0259labat yerin\u0259 imkan bildirir v\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, Eqo funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 daima daxili v\u0259 xarici impulslar\u0131n t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. \u015e\u00fcurlu v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcursuz olmala 2 hiss\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan Eqonun \u015f\u00fcurlu hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u0130d, Super \u2013Eqo v\u0259 xarici al\u0259md\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n ist\u0259kl\u0259ri uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b q\u0259rar verm\u0259k v\u0259 bunu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 daxil etdiyimiz halda \u015f\u00fcursuz hiss\u0259y\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130dd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n cinsi v\u0259 b\u0259zi aqressiv ist\u0259kl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 yarad\u0131lan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri aiddir.<\/p>\n

Ziqmund Freydin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, narahatl\u0131q yarand\u0131qda psixikam\u0131zda m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri h\u0259y\u0259can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 azald\u0131r v\u0259 eqonu reall\u0131qdan, id v\u0259 super-eqodan qoruma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. O, bu mexanizml\u0259rin h\u0259qiq\u0259ti t\u0259hrif etdiyini v\u0259 probleml\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n f\u0259al istifad\u0259 etdiyini iddia edirdi.<\/p>\n

Zimruq Freydin m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri:<\/p>\n

1)S\u0131xma (Repression) m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u0130d t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Eqoya t\u0259lqin olunub realiz\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n ist\u0259kl\u0259r Super-Eqo t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tamamil\u0259 r\u0259dd olunur v\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Lakin daha sonra bu s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ist\u0259k v\u0259 arzular\u0131n yenid\u0259n \u015f\u00fcur\u00f6nc\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si v\u0259 realiz\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Biz bunu b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyatda Qustav Floberin \u201cMadam Bovari\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130lqar F\u0259hminin \u201cAktrisa\u201d roman\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirik.<\/p>\n

Qustav Floberin \u201cMadam Bovari\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f obraz olan Emma \u00f6z daxili hisl\u0259rini v\u0259 ist\u0259kl\u0259rini s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki o, arzu etdiyi sevgi h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bilmir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u0259db\u0259xt hiss edir. \u018fs\u0259rin sonrak\u0131 hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Emman\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131na s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hisl\u0259r ba\u015f qald\u0131r\u0131b onu \u00f6z \u0259rin\u0259 x\u0259yan\u0259t etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv etm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lqar F\u0259hminin \u201cAktrisa\u201d roman\u0131nda s\u0131xma m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmini \u0259s\u0259rin ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 aktrisa Lal\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259liyeva v\u0259 \u201cVEB-Bank\u201d-\u0131n prezidenti Vaqif F\u0259t\u0259liyev obrazlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edirik. Aktrisa Lal\u0259 xan\u0131m Vaqif F\u0259t\u0259liyev il\u0259 evl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra \u00f6z sevimli pe\u015f\u0259sini atmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olur. H\u0259yat\u0131 tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rol oynamaqdan ibar\u0259t olan v\u0259 bununla xo\u015fb\u0259xt olan Lal\u0259 xan\u0131ma bu yeni h\u0259yat\u0131 he\u00e7 d\u0259 xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik g\u0259tirmir. S\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hisl\u0259r onu p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259n izl\u0259y\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 R\u00fcf\u0259t H\u00fcseyzad\u0259ni g\u00f6rd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra yenid\u0259n ba\u015f qald\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 art\u0131q teatr qaba\u011f\u0131nda deyil, \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131nda\u00a0 tama\u015fa oynama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Onun tama\u015fas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131 deyil, Vaqif F\u0259t\u0259liyev v\u0259 R\u00fcf\u0259t H\u00fcseynzad\u0259nin d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv olur.<\/p>\n

Vaqif F\u0259t\u0259liyev obraz\u0131nda s\u0131xma m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmi \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n ya\u015fca ki\u00e7ik Lal\u0259 xan\u0131mla tan\u0131\u015f olub evl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Vaqif F\u0259t\u0259liyev ilk xan\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 ail\u0259sinin ist\u0259yil\u0259 evl\u0259nmi\u015f, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z sevgi ist\u0259yini \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131na s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmu\u015fdu. Lal\u0259ni g\u00f6rd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra bu hisl\u0259r yenid\u0259n ba\u015f qald\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 g\u0259nclik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ya\u015faya bilm\u0259diyi sevgi hissini Lal\u0259 il\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa q\u0259rar al\u0131r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 ilk xan\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 bo\u015fan\u0131b onunla evl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

2)Super-Eqo t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ger\u00e7\u0259kliyin b\u0259zi faktlar\u0131na inanms\u0131zl\u0131q v\u0259 onlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inkar\u0131 inkar (denial)\u00a0 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Bu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmini biz b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyatda Nobel m\u00fckafatl\u0131 Ernest Heminqueyin \u201cQoca v\u0259 d\u0259niz\u201d roman\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirik.<\/p>\n

\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 inkar m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmi k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i Manolin obraz\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. K\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i Manolin h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq \u00f6z sevimli ustas\u0131 qocalm\u0131\u015f bal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131 Santiagonun art\u0131q bal\u0131q tuta bilm\u0259diyi h\u0259qiq\u0259tini q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bilmir. \u00d6z ail\u0259sin\u0259 baxmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq yen\u0259 d\u0259 sevimli ustas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yan\u0131nda olur.<\/p>\n

3) F\u0259rdin \u00f6z \u00f6d\u0259nm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan ist\u0259kl\u0259rini, yolverilm\u0259z impulslar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fqalar\u0131na aid ed\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n xarici d\u00fcnyadan g\u0259ldiyini z\u0259nn etm\u0259si eqonun \u0259ks etdirm\u0259 (Projection) m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmidir. Bununla eqo \u201cg\u00fcnah\u201d hissini \u00f6z \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n ataraq rahatlay\u0131r. Biz bunu Sabah\u0259tdin Alinin ilk roman\u0131 olan \u201cKuyucakl\u0131 Yusif\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Hilmi b\u0259yin o\u011flu \u015eakir obraz\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edirik. \u015eakir K\u00fcbra ad\u0131nda bir q\u0131za t\u0259cav\u00fcz edib atas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k bu g\u00fcnah\u0131 Yusifin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 atma\u011f\u0131 planlamas\u0131, \u018flini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259si, Muazzesi alkoqol as\u0131l\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evirm\u0259si v\u0259 s. t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259b\u0259bini v\u0259 t\u0259k g\u00fcnahkar\u0131n\u0131 Yusifd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Yusif onlar\u0131n h\u0259yatlar\u0131na girm\u0259s\u0259 v\u0259\u00a0 Muazzes\u0259 a\u015fiq olmasa, bunlar\u0131n he\u00e7 birinin ba\u015f verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, etdiyi he\u00e7 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00fcnah g\u00f6rm\u0259yib vicdan \u0259zab\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kmir.<\/p>\n

4) H\u0259r hans\u0131 bir q\u00fcsura g\u00f6r\u0259 orqanizm \u00e7ox \u00e7al\u0131\u015faraq itiril\u0259n funksiyan\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd etm\u0259si eqonun kompensasiya (compensation) mexanizmi adlan\u0131r. Bunu\u00a0 biz Helen Kellerin avtobioqrafik \u0259s\u0259ri olan \u201cH\u0259r \u015fey su il\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d roman\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirik.<\/p>\n

Lal, kar v\u0259 kor olan Helen Keller m\u00fc\u0259llimi Anne Sulivan\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131ndak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin \u00f6hd\u0259sind\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Sullivan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0259 qism\u0259n korlu\u011fu onu ki\u00e7ik q\u0131z\u0131n qapal\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ma\u011fa h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirir. M\u00fc\u0259lliminin m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259vi \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259 metodu – Kellerin \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n birini axan suyun alt\u0131na qoyub dig\u0259r \u0259lin\u0259 is\u0259 onun su oldu\u011funu i\u015far\u0259t dilil\u0259 yazmas\u0131 Helenin qaranl\u0131q d\u00fcnyas\u0131na i\u015f\u0131q olur. M\u00fc\u0259llimin k\u00f6m\u0259yil\u0259 Helen Keller \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t bakalavr d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n ilk g\u00f6rm\u0259 v\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259 q\u00fcsurlu bir insan kimi ad\u0131n\u0131 tarixin q\u0131z\u0131l s\u0259hif\u0259sin\u0259 yazd\u0131r\u0131r. \u018flil olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, etdikl\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259- be\u015f dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan, velosiped s\u00fcr\u0259n, s\u0259yah\u0259t ed\u0259n, \u00fczg\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u015fahmat oynayan Helen Keller \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 insanlar\u0131 ruhland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5)Eqonun yer d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 (displacement) mexanizmi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 super-eqo t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunmayan hiss\u00a0 v\u0259 impulslar \u00f6z \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sl obyektd\u0259n ba\u015fqa obyektl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259r\u0259k realiz\u0259 olunur. Bunu biz Stefan Sveyqin \u201cS\u0259birsiz \u00fcr\u0259k\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Antonun simas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edirik. Anton Edithin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259k g\u00fcnahkar \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. O \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 olan q\u0259z\u0259b hissini ba\u015fqa bir istiqam\u0259t\u0259 – h\u0259rb\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011fur qazan\u0131r. Ancaq qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 medallara layiq olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn medallardan imtina edib h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259td\u0259n istefa ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b gedir.<\/p>\n

6) Q\u0259bul olunmayan hisl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 insan \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n davran\u0131\u015flar eqonun qar\u015f\u0131\u00e7\u0131xmaq (reaction) mexanizmi adlan\u0131r. Bu davran\u0131\u015flar tamamil\u0259 o ist\u0259kl\u0259r\u0259 zidd olur v\u0259 h\u0259min ist\u0259kl\u0259ri s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n Qurban S\u0259idin \u201c\u018fli v\u0259 Nino\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 professor Saninin ke\u00e7irdiyi hisl\u0259ri n\u00fcmun\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Professor Sani Maarif Nazirliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131ya m\u00fc\u0259llimlik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6nd\u0259rilib v\u0259 o, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 deyil d\u0259, Avropaya aid oldu\u011funu \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259lidir. Ancaq \u015fagirl\u0259rin Bak\u0131n\u0131n Avropaya\u00a0 aid deyil d\u0259, \u00a0\u015e\u0259rq\u0259 aid oldu\u011funu dey\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259ns\u0259 d\u0259, \u00f6z hisl\u0259rini bo\u011fub daha n\u0259zak\u0259tli cavab verir. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 kobud cavab ver\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n b\u0259d hadis\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0259 ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259yind\u0259n qorxmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7) C\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunmayan h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin d\u00fcz\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259 eqonun d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259 (undoing) mexanizmi deyilir. Biz bu mexanizm\u0259 Stefan Sveyqin \u201cS\u0259birsiz \u00fcr\u0259k\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Anton obraz\u0131n simas\u0131nda rast g\u0259lirik.<\/p>\n

\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 Anton obraz\u0131nda eqonun d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259 mexanizmini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc iki situasiyada g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Birinci, Anton Edithini fiziki q\u00fcsurlu oldu\u011funu bilm\u0259d\u0259n r\u0259qs\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t edir v\u0259 bu zaman q\u0131z g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na bo\u011fulur. Anton etdiyi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin pe\u015fman\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u00a0h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Edithil\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 onunla maraqlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci situasiya is\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rin sonlar\u0131na yax\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Antonun \u00f6z vicdan\u0131n\u0131 sakitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etdiyi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r hadis\u0259l\u0259ri qarmaqar\u0131\u015f\u0131q v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirir v\u0259 o, Edithi il\u0259 ni\u015fanlamal\u0131 olur. Ancaq sevm\u0259diyi bir qad\u0131nla evl\u0259nm\u0259k hissin\u0259 daha da d\u00f6z\u0259 bilm\u0259yib ni\u015fan \u00fcz\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc at\u0131b gedir. Lakin yen\u0259 vicdan hissi onu rahat buraxm\u0131r v\u0259 Edithl\u0259 yenid\u0259n bar\u0131\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259ktub yaz\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259qiq\u0259ti s\u0259tirl\u0259r\u0259 t\u00f6k\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc sonuna kimi onunla ya\u015famaq ist\u0259diyini bildirir.<\/p>\n

8)Eqonun ger\u00e7\u0259klikd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi \u015feyl\u0259ri fantaziyalarda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 onun fantaziya mexanizminin funksiyas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 biz bunu \u00c7ingiz Aytmatovun 1970-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cA\u011f g\u0259mi\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirik.<\/p>\n

\u018fs\u0259r ba\u015fdan aya\u011fa \u00a0eqonun fantaziya m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizmi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdur. M\u00f6min baban\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259sind\u0259n kitabda bir \u00e7ox yerd\u0259 b\u0259hs olunur v\u0259 o, tam bir x\u0259yalp\u0259r\u0259stdir. U\u015fa\u011f\u0131n bu q\u0259d\u0259r x\u0259yalp\u0259r\u0259st olmas\u0131na babas\u0131n\u0131n na\u011f\u0131l etdiyi \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Bunlardan biri d\u0259 \u201cAna Maral\u201c \u0259fsan\u0259sidir. U\u015faq bu hekay\u0259 il\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259r\u0259k marallara qar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck sevgi b\u0259sl\u0259yir. Ana v\u0259 atas\u0131n\u0131n onu t\u0259rk etm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bi il\u0259 zaman\u0131n\u0131, babas\u0131n\u0131n durbinini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k da\u011f\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yini seyr etm\u0259kl\u0259 ke\u00e7irir. \u018fn b\u00f6y\u00fck x\u0259yal\u0131 is\u0259\u00a0A\u011f G\u0259mi<\/a>dir. H\u0259r g\u00fcn eyni saatda bir\u00a0A\u011f G\u0259mi<\/a>\u00a0Is\u0131k g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k sonra g\u00f6zd\u0259n itir. U\u015faq ill\u0259r \u00f6nc\u0259 onu t\u0259rk ed\u0259n atas\u0131n\u0131n o g\u0259mid\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyini x\u0259yal edir. Bel\u0259c\u0259 g\u00f6l\u0259 at\u0131laraq \u00fcz\u00fcb A\u011f G\u0259miy\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 atas\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259yini x\u0259yal edir. Reall\u0131qdan qa\u00e7an v\u0259 x\u0259yallar arxas\u0131na gizl\u0259n\u0259n u\u015faq bu x\u0259yallar\u0131n qurban\u0131na \u00e7evrilir. Yuxuda \u201cAna Maral\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u0259n v\u0259 yuxudan oyand\u0131qdan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmidl\u0259ri v\u0259 x\u0259yallar\u0131 alt-\u00fcst olan u\u015faq art\u0131q ail\u0259si yan\u0131nda qala bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k bal\u0131q kimi \u00fcz\u00fcb A\u011f G\u0259miy\u0259 \u00e7atmaq ist\u0259yir v\u0259 bununla \u00f6z m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

Yuxar\u0131da m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etdiyimiz kimi eqonun m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri insanlar\u0131 reall\u0131qdan, id v\u0259 super-eqodan qoruyur. Ancaq m\u00fcdafi\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ri insanlar\u0131 reall\u0131qdan n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox uzaq tutarsa, bir o q\u0259d\u0259r insan\u0131n m\u0259hvin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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\u018fd\u0259biyyat siyah\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)H\u0259mid\u0259 \u018fliyeva. \u018fd\u0259biyyat v\u0259 psixoanaliz. D\u0259rs v\u0259saiti (m\u00fchazir\u0259)<\/p>\n

2)\u00c7ingiz Aytmatov. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri. Bak\u0131-\u201c\u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb\u201d,2009, 760 s\u0259h.<\/p>\n

3)\u0130lqar F\u0259hmi. Aktrisa. Qanun n\u0259\u015friyyat, 2011, 156 s\u0259h<\/p>\n

4)Qustav Flober. Madam Bovari. Qanun n\u0259\u015friyyat, 428 s\u0259h<\/p>\n

5) Ernest Heminqueyin.\u201cQoca v\u0259 d\u0259niz\u201d. Altun n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 128 s\u0259h<\/p>\n

6) Sabah\u0259tdin Alin. \u201cKuyucakl\u0131 Yusif\u201d.Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, 222 s\u0259h<\/p>\n

7) Qurban S\u0259id. \u201c\u018fli v\u0259 Nino\u201d Qanun n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 2012, 384 s\u0259h<\/p>\n

8) Hellen Kellerin.\u201cH\u0259r \u015fey su il\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d pdf.<\/p>\n

9) Stefan Sveyqin \u201cS\u0259birsiz \u00fcr\u0259k\u201d pdf.<\/p>\n

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K\u0259mal\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259nova<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Dill\u0259r Universitetinin magistrant\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 717 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0259\u015fhur Avstriyal\u0131 h\u0259kim Ziqmurd Freydin psixoanaliz t\u0259limi yaln\u0131z nevrotik pozuntulardan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmay\u0131b bununla yana\u015f\u0131 XX \u0259srin humanitar elm v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t tarixind\u0259 d\u0259 yeni bir eran\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. \u201cPsixoanaliz\u201d\u00a0 terminini ilk d\u0259f\u0259frans\u0131z dilind\u0259 30 mart 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Nevroloji jurnalda \u00e7ap olunan nevrozlar\u0131n etimologiyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259n Z.Freyd insan\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131 meyll\u0259ri v\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[17,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16533"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16534,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16533\/revisions\/16534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}