{"id":18456,"date":"2022-11-25T15:33:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-25T11:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=18456"},"modified":"2022-11-25T15:33:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-25T11:33:27","slug":"soz-haqqinda-soz-sayka-yoxsa-cayka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=18456","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f6z haqq\u0131nda S\u00f6z: \u015fayka yoxsa \u00e7ayka?!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-11-25-at-15.32.21-1.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-18457\" alt=\"WhatsApp Image 2022-11-25 at 15.32.21 (1)\" src=\"https:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-11-25-at-15.32.21-1.jpeg\" width=\"197\" height=\"255\" \/><\/a>\u201cO\u011fru, quldur, talan\u00e7\u0131\u201d \u015fayka s\u00f6z\u00fc h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259nmi\u00a0 \u015fayka\/\/\u00e7ayka\u00a0 y\u0259ni\u00a0 \u201c\u00e7ay g\u0259misi\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259nmi yarand\u0131?!\u00a0 M\u00fcasir dilimizd\u0259 bandit d\u0259st\u0259si, cinay\u0259tkar qrup kimi m\u0259nalar da\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00a0 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n tarixi \u00e7ayka \u201c\u00e7ay g\u0259misi\u201d ad\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r? Q\u0259dim zamanlarda T\u00fcrk flotunda \u0259n y\u00fcng\u00fcl g\u0259mi tipin\u0259 \u00e7ayka-\u015fayka deyilirdi. \u00c7aykalar \u0259n \u00e7oxu sahil sular\u0131nda v\u0259 \u00e7aylarda \u00fczm\u0259y\u0259 yararl\u0131 idi. Lakin soy\u011fun\u00e7u Sar\u0131qam\u0131\u015f (Zaporojye) v\u0259 Don kazaklar\u0131 \u00e7aykalarda quldur s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qdan sonra bu ad m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bel\u0259 ki, davakar v\u0259 q\u0259nim\u0259t h\u0259risi kazaklar bel\u0259 g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7aylarla Qara d\u0259niz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, sahilboyu \u00fcz\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 buradan da d\u0259niz\u0259 ax\u0131b t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u0259n \u00e7aylara ke\u00e7ib T\u00fcrk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini talan edirdil\u0259r. Volqa il\u0259 d\u0259 g\u0259lib X\u0259z\u0259rboyu torpaqlara h\u00fccum etdikl\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u0259lumdur. D\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 Bak\u0131ya v\u0259 h\u0259tta K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131 il\u0259 B\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qlar\u0131 tarixl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259nilir. Bel\u0259 \u015faykalarla X\u0259z\u0259r sular\u0131nda quldurluq ed\u0259n Stepan Razinin ya\u011fma\u00e7\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259sinin d\u0259 aylarla\u00a0 Ab\u015feronda q\u0259rar tutduqlar\u0131 m\u0259lumdur. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 kazaklar X\u0259z\u0259r sular\u0131nda t\u00fc\u011fyan ed\u0259r\u0259k Gilan v\u0259 Mazandaran\u0131 da talan ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. Uzun ill\u0259r bu g\u0259mil\u0259r-\u015faykalar kazaklarda saxlan\u0131lmaqda idi. Rus dili l\u00fc\u011f\u0259tind\u0259 \u015fayka m\u0259cazi m\u0259nada d\u0259niz quldurlar\u0131, daha sonra is\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 quldur d\u0259st\u0259si kimi metonimik keyfiyy\u0259td\u0259 s\u00f6z kimi sabitl\u0259\u015fdi. S\u00f6z rus dilind\u0259 bundan \u0259vv\u0259l \u00e7\u0259ll\u0259y\u0259 ox\u015far d\u0259rin qab, a\u011fac dol(vedr\u0259) m\u0259nas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259nilirdi. \u0130kiqulplu bu t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat qab\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n a\u011facdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f g\u0259mil\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yirdi. Odur ki, bir \u00e7ox etimoloqlar b\u0259st\u0259kar Pyotr \u00c7aykovskinin d\u0259 soyad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ayka \u201cd\u0259niz qu\u015fu\u201d ad\u0131ndan deyil, \u00e7ay g\u0259misi olan \u00e7ayka s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ldiyini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259kd\u0259dirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eayka, \u00e7ayka- \u201cqa\u00e7aq-quldur\u201d, ukrayna dilind\u0259 \u00e7ayka \u201cka\u00adzak qay\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d. \u015eaika t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcnd\u00fcr g\u0259mi (Radlov, 4.926; Fas\u00admer, 4,395). \u201cKazaklar \u015fayka denil\u0259n kay\u0131klar\u0131 il\u0259 vakit-vakit Ba\u00adk\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 Gilan ve Mazendaran\u00addan \u015fehir ve kasabalara bas\u00adq\u0131nlar yapmaqda idiler\u201d dey\u0259 Faruk S\u00fcm\u0259r qeyd edir. \u00c7ayka (sonralar \u015fayka) T\u00fcrk flotun\u00adda \u0259n y\u00fcng\u00fcl g\u0259mi tipin\u0259 deyilirdi. \u00c7aykalar ki\u00e7ik \u00e7aylarda (t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u00e7ay-reka) \u00fczm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131 idi. G\u0259mid\u0259 10-a q\u0259d\u0259r top olurdu, komanda hey\u0259ti, 100-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Za\u00adporojye kazaklar\u0131 T\u00fcrk sahill\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc \u00e7ay\u00adka-\u015fayka adlanan bu y\u00fcn\u00adg\u00fcl g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Son\u00adralar da uzun ill\u0259r bu g\u0259\u00admil\u0259r \u2013 \u015faykalar kazaklarda sax\u00adla\u00adn\u0131l\u00add\u0131. Rus dili l\u00fc\u011f\u0259\u00adtind\u0259 m\u0259cazi m\u0259nada \u2013 d\u0259niz quldurlar\u0131 kom\u00ad\u00adpaniyas\u0131, daha sonra \u00fcmumi\u00adlikd\u0259 quldur d\u0259st\u0259si kimi me\u00adto\u00adnimik keyfiyy\u0259td\u0259 sabitl\u0259\u015fdi. Lev Uspenski \u015fayka s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Rus dilind\u0259 iki m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpd\u0131rmaqla 1-ci m\u0259nada \u015fay\u00adka \u201cderev\u0259nnoe vedro\u201d v\u0259 \u201cbarka\u201d, \u201clodka\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131nda da i\u015fl\u0259n\u00addi\u00adyini qeyd edir, eyni zamanda Rus familiyas\u0131 \u00c7ay\u00adkov\u00ads\u00adki\u00adnin<b>\u00a0 <\/b>d\u0259 \u00e7ayka (qu\u015f) s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00ad\u00add\u0259n yox, \u00e7ayka \u2013 \u015fayka (g\u0259mi, qa\u00ady\u0131q) s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<a href=\"https:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-11-25-at-15.32.21.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-18458\" alt=\"WhatsApp Image 2022-11-25 at 15.32.21\" src=\"https:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-11-25-at-15.32.21.jpeg\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zurin b\u0131l v to vremya otrajen protivu <b>\u015fayki<\/b> myatej\u00adn\u0131x Ba\u015fkiryev, kotor\u0131e rasseyalis prejde, nejeli m\u0131 ix uvi\u00ad\u00addali (\u201cKapi\u00adtanskaya do\u00e7ka\u201d, ql. 13); On yavilsya na si\u00adbir\u00adskix zavodax, sobral tam nov\u0131e <b>\u015fayki<\/b> i snova na\u00e7al zlo\u00addeyst\u00advovat; <b>\u015eayki<\/b> razboynikov zlodeystvovali pov\u00adsyu\u00addu (Yen\u0259 orada); Na\u00ad\u00e7alnik <b>\u015fayki<\/b> slavilsya umom, otvaj\u00adno\u00ads\u00adtyu i kakim to velikodu\u015fiem (Pu\u015f\u00adkin. \u201cDubrov\u00ads\u00adkiy\u201d, ql.7). Art\u0131q \u201c\u015fayka\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc daha geni\u015f m\u0259nada \u2013 b\u0259d niy\u00ady\u0259t\u00adli adam\u00adlar qrupu, d\u0259st\u0259si m\u0259nas\u0131yla daha \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olu\u00adnur. \u00c7e\u00adxo\u00advun dilind\u0259 d\u0259 bu m\u0259nada rast g\u0259lirik: Est li \u00e7to \u201ckor\u00ad\u00ad\u00adpo\u00adra\u00adtivnaya\u201d pravilnaya orqanizovannaya za\u00adko\u00adnom doz\u00advo\u00adlen\u00adnaya \u201car\u00adtel\u201d, ili mo\u015fenni\u00ad\u00e7eskaya \u015fayka (\u201cOskolki Moskovskoy jizni\u2026\u201d) \u201c\u015eay\u00adka\u201d bu s\u00f6z\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n get-ged\u0259 h\u0259r c\u00fcr cinay\u0259tkar qrupa veril\u0259n t\u0259h\u00adqi\u00adramiz, al\u00e7ald\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6z\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. M\u0259s.: De\u00adka\u00adbrist\u00adl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u0259murlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mrind\u0259 deyilir: \u201cPe\u00adre\u00ad\u00adxva\u00adtit nekoeqo Pu\u015fina, iz Moskv\u0131 prib\u0131v\u015feqo, i ko\u00adto\u00adr\u0131y, b\u0131v v <b>\u015fayke<\/b> \u2013 skr\u0131l\u00adsya\u201d. (Bol\u011f\u015foy \u201cJanno<b>\u201d<\/b>); H\u0259\u00admin \u0259sr\u0259 aid bir m\u0259ktubda \u2026 ko\u00adr\u0131\u00adsto\u00ad\u00ad\u00adl\u00f6yubi\u00advaya i bez\u00adnrav\u00adst-ven\u00adnaya <b>\u015fayka<\/b> literaturnaya tor\u00adjest\u00advuet (Bax: N.Eydel\u00adman. \u201cPu\u015fkin\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Rus dilind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259-i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259naca geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n bu s\u00f6z bu dil\u00add\u0259n Az\u0259r\u00adbay\u00adcan dilin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k el\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259nalarda da ya\u00ady\u0131l\u00admaq\u00addad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>Yerli\u00ad\u00adbaz\u00adlar, qohumbazlar, <b>\u015faykalar.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bu mill\u0259td\u0259 mil\u00adli ist\u0259k qoymad\u0131<\/p>\n<p>(F\u00fcruz\u0259 \u201c\u0130ndi daha\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Prof.dr. Minaxan\u0131m Nuriyeva T\u0259kl\u0259li<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Az\u0259ebaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Pedaqoji Universiteti<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"18456\">Yaz\u0131ya 75 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cO\u011fru, quldur, talan\u00e7\u0131\u201d \u015fayka s\u00f6z\u00fc h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259nmi\u00a0 \u015fayka\/\/\u00e7ayka\u00a0 y\u0259ni\u00a0 \u201c\u00e7ay g\u0259misi\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259nmi yarand\u0131?!\u00a0 M\u00fcasir dilimizd\u0259 bandit d\u0259st\u0259si, cinay\u0259tkar qrup kimi m\u0259nalar da\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00a0 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n tarixi \u00e7ayka \u201c\u00e7ay g\u0259misi\u201d ad\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r? Q\u0259dim zamanlarda T\u00fcrk flotunda \u0259n y\u00fcng\u00fcl g\u0259mi tipin\u0259 \u00e7ayka-\u015fayka deyilirdi. \u00c7aykalar \u0259n \u00e7oxu sahil sular\u0131nda v\u0259 \u00e7aylarda \u00fczm\u0259y\u0259 yararl\u0131 idi. Lakin soy\u011fun\u00e7u Sar\u0131qam\u0131\u015f (Zaporojye) v\u0259 Don [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18456"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18456"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18459,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18456\/revisions\/18459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}