{"id":21993,"date":"2026-01-20T19:35:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=21993"},"modified":"2026-01-20T19:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:36:04","slug":"ssri-niy%c9%99-dagilmali-idi-tarixi-z%c9%99rur%c9%99tin-siyasi-anatomiyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=21993","title":{"rendered":"SSR\u0130 niy\u0259 da\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131 idi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Tarixi z\u0259rur\u0259tin siyasi anatomiyas\u0131<\/h1>\n

Sovet Sosialist Respublikalar\u0131 \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n (SSR\u0130) da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi hadis\u0259 deyildi. Bu proses onillikl\u0259r boyunca y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan siyasi, milli, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz n\u0259tic\u0259si idi. 1991-ci ilin dekabr\u0131 imperiyan\u0131n s\u00fcqutunun yaln\u0131z r\u0259smi tarixidir. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 SSR\u0130 \u00f6z da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259l haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1970\u20131980-ci ill\u0259r \u2013 Korrupsiya i\u015fl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1970-ci ill\u0259rin sonu v\u0259 1980-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00d6zb\u0259kistan SSR-d\u0259 apar\u0131lan \u201c\u00d6zb\u0259k i\u015fi\u201d \u2014 \u015e\u0259r\u0259f R\u0259\u015fidovun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 korrupsiya v\u0259 iqtisadi sui-istifad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 cinay\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycana da dolay\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sir etdi. Lakin \u00f6lk\u0259 h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 respublika prokurorunun m\u00fcavini v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, \u018fdal\u0259t Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n sabiq s\u0259dri \u0130lyas \u0130smay\u0131lovun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti say\u0259sind\u0259 itkisiz v\u0259 qans\u0131z v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259m\u00e7inin SSR\u0130-nin i\u00e7\u0259rid\u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 \u201claxlamas\u0131\u201d, y\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n sars\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131 v\u0259 sistemin daxild\u0259n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sinin g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi idi. Bel\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, imperiya yaln\u0131z formal g\u00fcc v\u0259 qanunlarla deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 korrupsiya v\u0259 sui-istifad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 u\u011fursuzluq ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131, bu da onun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tarixi z\u0259rur\u0259t oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. 1985 \u2013 \u0130lkin i\u015far\u0259l\u0259r<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      1985-ci ild\u0259 Yakut t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 rus t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131durmalar milli g\u0259rginliyin ilk a\u00e7\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi oldu. Sonralar, 1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259, Yakutiya (Saxa Respublikas\u0131) SSR\u0130-nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 fonunda siyasi suverenlik t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu fakt g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, SSR\u0130-nin s\u00fcqutu t\u0259kc\u0259 son ill\u0259rin yox, tarixi ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla formala\u015fan d\u0259rin sistem b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si idi.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 1986 \u2013 Qazaxstanda \u00fcsyan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Alma-Atada Birinci katib Kunayevi Moskva i\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b yerin\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan SSR-nin rus katibi Kolbinovu t\u0259yin etdi. Qazax xalq\u0131 aya\u011fa qalxd\u0131, lakin sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 basd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hadis\u0259 imperiyan\u0131n milli etirazlar\u0131 zor g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 bo\u011fa bilm\u0259sinin ilk g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi oldu.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. 1988 \u2013 Qaraba\u011f hadis\u0259l\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Fevral ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Qaraba\u011f hadis\u0259l\u0259ri SSR\u0130-nin milli siyas\u0259tinin tam iflas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycandan ay\u0131rmaq c\u0259hdl\u0259ri v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 \u00fcmumxalq azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 imperiyan\u0131n prosesl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259tini itirdiyini a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirdi. 17 noyabr 1988-ci il Bak\u0131 mitinql\u0259ri (bu mitinql\u0259rd\u0259 haz\u0131rda AMEA Co\u011frafiya \u0130nstitutunda \u015f\u00f6b\u0259 m\u00fcdiri v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u018fnv\u0259r \u018fliyevin xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr) milyonlarla insan\u0131n azadl\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 aya\u011fa qalxd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi v\u0259 sonradan Birinci Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Etnik deportasiyalar \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar v\u0259 Ah\u0131ska t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            1948\u20131953-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n Erm\u0259nistandan deportasiyas\u0131<\/p>\n

            SSR\u0130 Nazirl\u0259r Sovetinin 1947-ci il d\u0259 veril\u0259n f\u0259rman\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq, 1947\u20131950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan SSR-d\u0259 ya\u015fayan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u0259hali m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

            1944\u20131989-cu ill\u0259r \u2013 Ah\u0131ska t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin deportasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n

            SSR\u0130-nin d\u0259rin m\u0259n\u0259vi-siyasi b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Ah\u0131ska t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc idi. 14 noyabr 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Stalin v\u0259 Beriyan\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 Ah\u0131ska t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri Orta Asiyaya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f, on minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan yollarda h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015fdi. 1989-cu ilin iyun ay\u0131nda is\u0259 70 mun Ah\u0131ska t\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan da daxil olmaqla, yeddi postsovet \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 qa\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Bu deportasiyalar sovet rejiminin xalqlara qar\u015f\u0131 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011fa zidd siyas\u0259tin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi v\u0259 h\u0259m Az\u0259rbaycan, h\u0259m d\u0259 dig\u0259r respublikalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli v\u0259 sosial g\u0259rginliyi art\u0131ran amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. 1989 \u2013 Tbilisi faci\u0259si<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              9 aprel 1989-cu il tarixind\u0259 Tbilisid\u0259 sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n dinc etiraz\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 21 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirdi. Bu hadis\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda m\u00fcst\u0259qillik ideyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirdi. H\u0259min tarix bu g\u00fcn G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda Milli Birlik G\u00fcn\u00fc kimi qeyd olunur.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. 1990 \u2013 20 Yanvar (Qara Yanvar)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                19\u201320 yanvar gec\u0259si Bak\u0131ya yeridil\u0259n sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131 147 dinc sakini q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdi, y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 insan yaraland\u0131. Qad\u0131nlar, u\u015faqlar v\u0259 qocalar g\u00fcll\u0259barandan xilas ola bilm\u0259di. Qara Yanvar hadis\u0259si SSR\u0130-nin Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q siyas\u0259tinin zirv\u0259si oldu v\u0259 imperiyan\u0131n yaln\u0131z zor g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut etdi.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. 1991 \u2013 Baltikyan\u0131 respublikalar v\u0259 Litva<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  11\u201313 yanvar 1991-ci ild\u0259 Litvada ba\u015f ver\u0259n Viln\u00fcs hadis\u0259l\u0259ri, SSR\u0130-nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi son c\u0259hdi idi. Sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n televiziya q\u00fcll\u0259sin\u0259 h\u00fccumu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 14 dinc sakin h\u0259lak oldu, y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 insan yaraland\u0131. Buna baxmayaraq, Litva geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259di v\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin beyn\u0259lxalq legitimliyin\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vuruldu.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Qanunla ziddiyy\u0259t \u2013 ayr\u0131lma h\u00fcququ<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    SSR\u0130 Konstitusiyas\u0131nda respublikalar\u0131n ittifaqdan ayr\u0131lmaq h\u00fcququ n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulsa da, bu h\u00fcquq he\u00e7 vaxt real mexanizm\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259di. 3 aprel 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u201c\u0130ttifaq respublikas\u0131n\u0131n SSR\u0130-d\u0259n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli qaydas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanun prosesi faktiki olaraq m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz edirdi. H\u00fcquqi paradoks yarand\u0131: konstitusion h\u00fcquq m\u00f6vcud idi, lakin onun icras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn siyasi irad\u0259 yox idi.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. 1991 \u2013 Siyasi sonluq: Alma-Ata B\u0259yannam\u0259si<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      21 dekabr 1991-ci ild\u0259 imzalanan Alma-Ata B\u0259yannam\u0259si SSR\u0130-nin r\u0259smi olaraq sona \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259di. Dekabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Mixail Qorba\u00e7ov istefa verdi, 26 dekabrda SSR\u0130 bayra\u011f\u0131 endirildi. Bu, imperiyan\u0131n tarixi s\u00fcqutunun r\u0259smi qeydidir, amma h\u0259qiqi h\u00f6km \u00e7oxdan verilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

                      N\u0259tic\u0259<\/p>\n

                      SSR\u0130 da\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131 idi, \u00e7\u00fcnki:<\/p>\n

                      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Xalqlar zorla bir yerd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131,<\/p>\n

                      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Milli h\u00fcquqlar tapdalan\u0131rd\u0131,<\/p>\n

                      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Azadl\u0131q g\u00fcll\u0259 il\u0259 bo\u011fulurdu,<\/p>\n

                      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qanunlar formal xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131,<\/p>\n

                      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130mperiya \u00f6z v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 silah qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

                      1991-ci ilin dekabr\u0131 sad\u0259c\u0259 tarixi h\u00f6km\u00fcn icra olundu\u011fu t\u0259qvim idi; h\u0259qiqi h\u00f6km is\u0259 \u00e7oxdan verilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

                      \u00c7ingiz Abbasov,<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u018fdal\u0259t Partiyas\u0131 s\u0259drinin m\u00fc\u015faviri<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Yaz\u0131ya 55 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Tarixi z\u0259rur\u0259tin siyasi anatomiyas\u0131 Sovet Sosialist Respublikalar\u0131 \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n (SSR\u0130) da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi hadis\u0259 deyildi. Bu proses onillikl\u0259r boyunca y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan siyasi, milli, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz n\u0259tic\u0259si idi. 1991-ci ilin dekabr\u0131 imperiyan\u0131n s\u00fcqutunun yaln\u0131z r\u0259smi tarixidir. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 SSR\u0130 \u00f6z da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259l haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1970\u20131980-ci ill\u0259r \u2013 Korrupsiya i\u015fl\u0259ri 1970-ci ill\u0259rin sonu v\u0259 1980-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21993"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21996,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21993\/revisions\/21996"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}