{"id":7497,"date":"2014-12-23T12:21:22","date_gmt":"2014-12-23T08:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7497"},"modified":"2014-12-23T12:22:12","modified_gmt":"2014-12-23T08:22:12","slug":"iosif-brodski-kolg%c9%99y%c9%99-bas-%c9%99ym%c9%99k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7497","title":{"rendered":"\u0130osif Brodski — \u201cK\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015f \u0259ym\u0259k\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"brodsky_joseph\"<\/a>\u00a0(Kitabdan se\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259r )<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan n\u00f6v\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tarixind\u0259, \u201csapiens\u201d tarixind\u0259 kitab antropoloji fenomendir, t\u0259k\u0259r icad\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r bir \u015feydir. Bizim yaran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan \u201csapiensin\u201d n\u0259y\u0259 qadir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sanki yaranaraq, kitab, \u00e7evril\u0259n v\u0259r\u0259qin s\u00fcr\u0259tiyl\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 vasit\u0259sidir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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…Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bioqrafiyas\u0131 onun dil bi\u00e7imind\u0259dir… Dil zaman ambar\u0131 deyilmi?<\/div>\n
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…B\u00f6y\u00fck Barat\u0131nski, \u00f6z ilham p\u0259risini \u201cqeyri-\u00fcmumi \u00fcz ifad\u0259si olan\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, f\u0259rdi m\u00f6vcudolman\u0131n anlam\u0131 bu qeyri-\u00fcmumi ifad\u0259ni \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/div>\n
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…D\u00fcnyan\u0131, y\u0259qin ki, xilas etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacaq, amma ayr\u0131ca bir adam\u0131 h\u0259r zaman xilas etm\u0259k olar. (Nobel nitqind\u0259n).<\/div>\n
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…H\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc \u015eekspir hiss edir\u0259m. S\u00f6hb\u0259tcil olmam\u0131z bizi bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa s\u00f6vq edir. (Frost \u201cUlduzlar\u0131 par\u00e7alayan\u201d)<\/div>\n
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… Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar tay\u0131-b\u0259rab\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259n antropoloji faci\u0259, genetik geril\u0259m\u0259 idi, bunun da sonucu insan potensial\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259ddarca k\u0259silib g\u00f6d\u0259lm\u0259si oldu. Faci\u0259, tarixin sevimli janr\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fc olmasayd\u0131, he\u00e7 bir ba\u015fqa janr da tan\u0131mayacaqd\u0131q. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, n\u0259sr t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n komediya v\u0259 ya a\u2032 clef roman yaran\u0131\u015f\u0131 (uydurulmu\u015f adlar alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7\u0259k \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri t\u0259svir ed\u0259n roman) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcqoruma akt\u0131 idi.<\/div>\n
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… Modernizm, klassikan\u0131n s\u0131xla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 lakonikl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin m\u0259ntiqi n\u0259tic\u0259sidir yaln\u0131z.<\/div>\n
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…\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t adamlara n\u0259s\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259dirs\u0259, o da ba\u015fqa adamlara yox, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259dir. Ax\u0131 insanlar \u00f6z d\u00f6vrl\u0259rinin qurban\u0131 v\u0259 ya c\u0259llad\u0131 olmaqdan ba\u015fqa bir n\u0259s\u0259 olma \u015fans\u0131na malikdirl\u0259rs\u0259, o da, bax, Rilkenin \u201cApollonun g\u00f6vd\u0259si\u201d \u015feirind\u0259ki son iki s\u0259trin\u0259 cavabdan ibar\u0259tdir:<\/div>\n
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\u201c…bu g\u00f6vd\u0259 h\u0259r \u0259z\u0259l\u0259siyl\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131r s\u0259n\u0259:<\/div>\n
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— Ba\u015fqa c\u00fcr ya\u015famal\u0131san!\u201d<\/div>\n
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… G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, modernist \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fck\u0259narla\u015fd\u0131rmadan, eksperimentl\u0259rd\u0259n, absurddan v\u0259 bunlara b\u0259nz\u0259r \u015feyl\u0259rd\u0259n doymu\u015f Q\u0259rb oxucular\u0131 ad\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn XX \u0259srin rus n\u0259sri, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 d\u0259 sava\u015fsonras\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn n\u0259sri rim katolikliyinin intizams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dinc\u0259lm\u0259dir, bir udum t\u0259miz havad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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…B\u00f6y\u00fck yazardan sonra kim g\u0259lirs\u0259 g\u0259lsin, n\u0259h\u0259ng s\u0259l\u0259finin m\u0259hz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerd\u0259n ba\u015flama\u011fa m\u0259cburdur. Dostoyevski is\u0259, ola bilsin, el\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259y\u0259 d\u0131rma\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n xo\u015funa g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015f. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 Tolstoyu g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015f, Rusiyada Dostoyevskinin varisi olmayaca\u011f\u0131na \u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sanki… El\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131: olmad\u0131. \u018fd\u0259bi t\u0259nqid\u00e7i v\u0259 filosof Lev \u015eestov istisna olmaqla, rus n\u0259sri Tolstoyun arxas\u0131nca getdi. Bununla bel\u0259 rus n\u0259sri \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Dostoyevskinin ruhani zirv\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qalxmaqdan sevincl\u0259 qurtard\u0131. O, tapdan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259yri mimetik yaz\u0131 c\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131yla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 getdi v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 pill\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u2014 \u00c7exov, Korolenko, Kuprin, Bunin, Qorki, L. Andreyev, Qladkovdan sonra \u2014 sosialist realizmi quyusuna y\u0131x\u0131ld\u0131. Tolstoy da\u011f\u0131 uzun k\u00f6lg\u0259 sal\u0131rd\u0131, o k\u00f6lg\u0259nin alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ya d\u0259qiqlikd\u0259 Tolstoyu \u00f6t\u00fcb ke\u00e7m\u0259lis\u0259n, ya da keyfiyy\u0259tc\u0259 yeni dil m\u0259zmunu t\u0259klif etm\u0259lis\u0259n. Tilnyak, Zamyatin, Babel kimi ikinci yolla ged\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259r\u015feyi i\u00e7in\u0259 sovuran Tolstoyun t\u0259sviri n\u0259srinin k\u00f6lg\u0259siyl\u0259 \u015f\u00fcca\u0259tl\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 o d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 iflic olmu\u015fdular ki, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t avanqard inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259ti ad\u0131yla bir n\u00f6v \u0259s\u0259bi teleqraf nitqi istehsal edirdil\u0259r.<\/div>\n
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…Hardasa Tolstoy qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz idi, \u00e7\u00fcnki Dostoyevski t\u0259krarolunmaz idi… Dostoyevski \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t, el\u0259 h\u0259yat da, \u201cinsan n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr?\u201d haqdad\u0131r. Onun romanlar\u0131, \u0130ncil prit\u00e7alar\u0131 kimi, cavaba do\u011fru aparan b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7idir, m\u0259qs\u0259d deyil.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130ki n\u00f6v insan var v\u0259 buna uy\u011fun da iki yazar n\u00f6v\u00fc var. Birinci, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n, h\u0259yat\u0131 yegan\u0259 \u0259l\u00e7atan reall\u0131q say\u0131r… \u0130kinci n\u00f6v, azl\u0131q, \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 (h\u0259r hans\u0131sa bir ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131nk\u0131n\u0131 da) insan keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin s\u0131naq laboratoriyas\u0131 say\u0131r, t\u0259\u2032yin yerin\u0259 h\u0259m diini, h\u0259m d\u0259 anrtopoloji variantda g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin ekstremal durumlarda qorunub saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 prinsipial olaraq vacibdir.<\/div>\n
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… Onun kitab\u0131n\u0131 bitirib \u00f6rtm\u0259k, yuxudan d\u0259yi\u015filmi\u015f sif\u0259tl\u0259 oyanmaq kimi bir \u015feydir.<\/div>\n
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… Kafkadan ba\u015flayaraq XX \u0259srd\u0259 h\u0259r bir b\u00f6y\u00fck yazara Dostoyevskinin g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi t\u0259sir s\u00fcbut edir ki, rus yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n getm\u0259diyi yol modernizm\u0259 aparan yol idi… (B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, A.Platonovdan savay\u0131…) O, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, m\u0259hz bu \u0259d\u0259bi e\u015felona aiddir, amma bel\u0259 zirv\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ierarxiya yoxdur…)<\/div>\n
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… Rus n\u0259srind\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 varsa da, o da b\u00f6y\u00fck fikir axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131, insan situasiyas\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan daha tam analizin\u0259 canatma \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sidir, reall\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00fccumunu d\u0259f etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n daha yax\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsullar axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sidir.<\/div>\n
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…El\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259r var ki, onlar\u0131 unutmaq \u2013 cinay\u0259tdir.<\/div>\n
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… Bu d\u0259rsi \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131lar qavraya bil\u0259r yaln\u0131z.<\/div>\n
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…C\u00fcr\u0259t edib bu ulu insan\u0131 (Aleksandr Soljenisini.-T\u0259rc.) ikinci yer\u0259 qoyard\u0131m (A.Platonovdan sonra-T\u0259rc.), \u0259sas da ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, o, xristian d\u00fcnyas\u0131 tarixind\u0259 \u0259n q\u0259ddar siyasi sistemin p\u0259rd\u0259 arxas\u0131nda insan\u0131n, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 inam\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn (bu da siz\u0259 s\u0259rt pravoslavl\u0131q ruhu!) m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tini ay\u0131rd etm\u0259y\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-ayd\u0131n qadir deyil. Soljenisinin t\u0259svir etdiyi tarixi d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259rin miqyas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 ald\u0131qda, bu bacar\u0131qs\u0131zl\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fc-\u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 el\u0259 ciddidir ki, adam \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259nir ki, onun estetik konservatizmi il\u0259 insan evlad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015f\u0259r da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 konsepsiyas\u0131na olan m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti aras\u0131nda bir as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q var.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nsan evlad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki arzuolunan demokratik prinsip \u0259n az\u0131 iki yerd\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259rli deyil: inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 elmd\u0259. Bu iki sah\u0259d\u0259 demokratik prinsipin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si \u015fedevr v\u0259 zibil, k\u0259\u015ff v\u0259 savads\u0131zl\u0131q aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rlik i\u015far\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t tarixi, art\u0131rma v\u0259 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 tarixidir, insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyaduyumu perspektivl\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si tarixidir, ifad\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 ya, daha \u00e7ox, s\u0131xla\u015fmas\u0131 tarixidir.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t olmayan n\u0259srd\u0259 qorxulu odur ki, o, t\u0259svir edil\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131 g\u00f6zd\u0259n sal\u0131r v\u0259 f\u0259rdin g\u0259li\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol oynay\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nsanlar\u0131n beyni v\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin qoydu\u011fu bo\u015fluqlar\u0131 siyas\u0259t doldurur.<\/div>\n
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… \u00d6z ana dilin\u0259 yox, ba\u015fqa dil\u0259 \u00fcz tutan yazar bunu ya Konrad kimi, ehtiyacdan, ya Nabokov kimi, \u015fidd\u0259tli \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259stlikd\u0259n, ya da Bekket kimi, daha da b\u00f6y\u00fck yadla\u015fma \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edir.<\/div>\n
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…Kils\u0259l\u0259r olmasayd\u0131, \u00e7ox asanl\u0131qla \u015fair Uiston Hyu Odenin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 kils\u0259 ucalda bil\u0259rdik, bu kils\u0259nin \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ehkam\u0131 da t\u0259xmin\u0259n bu c\u00fcr s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259rdi:<\/div>\n
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\u201cB\u0259rab\u0259r sevgi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyils\u0259,<\/div>\n
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Qoy daha \u00e7ox sev\u0259n m\u0259n olum\u201d.<\/div>\n
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… \u015eairin toplum qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir g\u00f6r\u0259vi varsa, o da yax\u015f\u0131 yazmaqd\u0131r. Azl\u0131qda olduqda onun ba\u015fqa se\u00e7imi yoxdur.<\/div>\n
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… \u015eeir oxumayan toplum el\u0259 dil s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 enir ki, demaqoq v\u0259 ya tiran\u0131n yemin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir asanca.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nsan \u2014 oxudu\u011fudur, oxudu\u011funa b\u0259rab\u0259rdir.<\/div>\n
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…\u00d6z individuall\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, f\u0259rdiyy\u0259timizi itir\u0259n\u0259d\u0259k sevdiyimizdir b\u0259\u2032z\u0259n bizi d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259n.<\/div>\n
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… \u2013 \u018fn yax\u015f\u0131 rus yazar\u0131 \u00c7exovdur.<\/div>\n
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Niy\u0259?<\/div>\n
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Aran\u0131zda sa\u011flam a\u011fl\u0131 olan yegan\u0259 insan odur. (Brodskinin ingilis yazar\u0131 Odend\u0259n e\u015fitdiyi.-T\u0259rc.)<\/div>\n
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… Hay-k\u00fcyl\u00fc \u015fair v\u0259 m\u00fcdrik \u015fair aras\u0131nda tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 h\u0259r zaman birincini se\u00e7\u0259r, bu se\u00e7im onun demoqrafi t\u0259rkibini \u0259ks etdiyin\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u015fairl\u0259rin cavan \u00f6lm\u0259k kimi romantik ad\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 deyil, bu, insan evlad\u0131n\u0131n qocal\u0131q haqda (h\u0259l\u0259 onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini demirik) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259yi sevm\u0259m\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259sidir.<\/div>\n
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… \u015eairl\u0259r dili ya\u015fadanlard\u0131.<\/div>\n
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… \u015ei\u015firtm\u0259d\u0259n hedab edir\u0259m ki, h\u0259r bir f\u0259rd \u0259n az\u0131 bir \u015fairi ba\u015fdan aya\u011fad\u0259k bilm\u0259lidir: d\u00fcnya b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7isi qismind\u0259 olmasa da, bar\u0131 dil meyyar\u0131 kimi.<\/div>\n
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… Bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r halda, U.Odenin b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259yah\u0259tl\u0259ri \u2014\u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, k\u00f6n\u00fcl ma\u011faralar\u0131na, doktrinalara, inanclara \u2014onun arqumentasiyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u0259li\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox nitqini geni\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi… N\u0259 olur olsun, amma onu oxumaq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc alic\u0259nab hiss etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yegan\u0259 olmasa da, \u00e7ox az \u0259l\u00e7atan \u00fcsullardan biridir.<\/div>\n
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… \u015e\u0259rqin s\u0259rs\u0259ml\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259ti. Asiyan\u0131n tozlu f\u0259lak\u0259ti. Ya\u015f\u0131ll\u0131q yaln\u0131z Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin bayra\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131. Burda b\u0131\u011flardan savay\u0131 he\u00e7n\u0259 bitmir.<\/div>\n
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… Rasizm? Bu ki mizantropiyan\u0131n bi\u00e7imidir sad\u0259c\u0259… Snobizm? Bu ki \u00fcmidsizliyin bi\u00e7imidir sad\u0259c\u0259.<\/div>\n
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… M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n irad\u0259si ya da t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fc olan h\u0259r bir f\u0259rd m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu\u011fu i\u015fd\u0259 metafiziki, sonsuz s\u0259b\u0259b g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/div>\n
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…Katarsis, t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ci, olduqca m\u00fcxt\u0259lifdir: f\u0259rdi (qurbanverm\u0259, m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s yerin ziyar\u0259ti, bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r \u0259hd) v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi (teatr, idman yar\u0131\u015f\u0131) xasiyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. Ocaq \u2014 amfiteatrdan, idman meydan\u0131 \u2013 mehrabdan, yem\u0259k qazan\u0131 \u2014 heyk\u0259ld\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nmir.<\/div>\n
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… S\u0131rf siyas\u0131 h\u0259yatda politeizm demokratiyaya b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. M\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259t, avtokratiya, \u0259fsuslar, t\u0259kallahl\u0131\u011fa b\u0259rab\u0259rdir.<\/div>\n
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… B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi \u00f6z ad\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma\u011fa g\u0259r\u0259k yoxdu, amma demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259t, \u0259slind\u0259, b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stliyin xristianl\u0131q \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 tarixi t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259sidir.<\/div>\n
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… 28 ya\u015f\u0131nda adam h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r dekadentdir.<\/div>\n
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… \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131n xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri odur ki, o, m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu zaman\u0131 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259, k\u00fctl\u0259 aras\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, h\u0259m \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259ri, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri se\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259, tavtologiyadan, y\u0259ni m\u0259\u015fhur \u201ctarix qurbanlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n aqib\u0259tind\u0259n qa\u00e7ma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.<\/div>\n
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… \u201dSapiens\u201din \u00f6z inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rmaq zaman\u0131 g\u0259ldiyini q\u0259rar verdiyimizd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat xalq diliyl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259r yaln\u0131z. \u018fks halda xalq \u0259d\u0259bi dill\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259r bir yeni estetik reall\u0131q insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun etik reall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirir. \u00c7\u00fcnki estetika etikan\u0131n anas\u0131d\u0131r; \u201cyax\u015f\u0131\u201d v\u0259 \u201cpis\u201d anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 \u201cxeyir\u201d v\u0259 \u201c\u015f\u0259r\u201d kateqoriyalar\u0131n\u0131 qabaqlayan estetik anlay\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Etikada \u201ch\u0259r \u015fey olar\u201d ona g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil ki, estetikada \u201ch\u0259r \u015fey olmaz\u201dd\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki spektrd\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259rin say\u0131 m\u0259hduddur. A\u011flayaraq \u00f6zg\u0259nin quca\u011f\u0131na getm\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya, \u0259ksin\u0259, ona t\u0259r\u0259f \u0259ll\u0259rini uzadan h\u0259l\u0259 he\u00e7n\u0259 qanmayan k\u00f6rp\u0259, \u00f6z h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tiyl\u0259 instinktiv olaraq etik se\u00e7im yox, estetik se\u00e7im edir.<\/div>\n
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… Z\u00f6vql\u00fc insan\u0131n, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259dii z\u00f6vq\u00fc olan\u0131n, siyasi demaqoqiyan\u0131n h\u0259r bir n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u0259 xas olan t\u0259krarlara v\u0259 ritmik ovsunlamalara h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 az olur… F\u0259rdin estetik t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r z\u0259ngin olsa, z\u00f6vq\u00fc d\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rk olur, m\u0259n\u0259vi se\u00e7imi d\u0259 d\u0259qiqdir, o daha \u00e7ox azadd\u0131r, ola bilsin ki, daha da az xo\u015fb\u0259xtdir.<\/div>\n
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… Antropoloji anlamda insan etikd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox estetik m\u0259xluqdur. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, n\u00f6v g\u0259li\u015fm\u0259sinin m\u0259hsulu yox, tam \u0259ksidir.<\/div>\n
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… M\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, kitab h\u0259ms\u00f6hb\u0259t kimi yolda\u015fdan v\u0259 ya sevgilid\u0259n daha etibarl\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyat xalq diliyl\u0259 yaln\u0131z o zaman dan\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259r… Bu s\u00f6hb\u0259t zaman\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 oxucuya v\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259 \u2014 oxucu yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131ya \u2014 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dahi, b\u00f6y\u00fck olub-olmamas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaq. Bu b\u0259rab\u0259rlik, \u015f\u00fcur b\u0259rab\u0259rliyidir, bu b\u0259rab\u0259rlik \u00f6mr\u00fcn sonunad\u0259k tutqun v\u0259 ya d\u0259qiq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yadda\u015fda insanla qal\u0131r, tez ya da gec, yerli ya da yersiz olaraq f\u0259rdiyy\u0259tin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin edir… Yazar v\u0259 oxucunun birg\u0259 t\u0259nhal\u0131q m\u0259hsuludur roman v\u0259 ya \u015feir.<\/div>\n
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… \u0130nsan n\u00f6v\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tarixind\u0259, \u201csapiens\u201d tarixind\u0259 kitab antropoloji fenomendir, t\u0259k\u0259r icad\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r bir \u015feydir. Bizim yaran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan \u201csapiensin\u201d n\u0259y\u0259 qadir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sanki yaranaraq, kitab, \u00e7evril\u0259n v\u0259r\u0259qin s\u00fcr\u0259tiyl\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 vasit\u0259sidir. Kimin s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r yarad\u0131lma\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq, biz art\u0131q 5 milyard\u0131q, v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin t\u0259svir etdiyind\u0259n ba\u015fqa g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi yoxdur.<\/div>\n
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… M\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259ti kitabxana il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131ram, halbuki bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 bu fikir a\u011fl\u0131mdan ke\u00e7ib, lakin \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259m etmir\u0259m ki, biz \u00f6z h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 onlar\u0131n siyasi proqramlar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n deyil, oxucu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda se\u00e7s\u0259k, yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259rd daha az olar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, talel\u0259rimizin potensial h\u00f6kmdar\u0131ndan ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259t kursunu nec\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etdiyini yox, onun Stendala, Dikkens\u0259, Dostoyevskiy\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini soru\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131q… \u018fn az\u0131, m\u0259n\u0259vi s\u0131\u011forta sistemi kimi bu, bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r inanc sisteml\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 ya f\u0259ls\u0259fi doktrinadan daha t\u0259\u2032sirlidir.<\/div>\n
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… Kitablar\u0131 tonqallara v\u0259 s. atmaqdan daha a\u011f\u0131r cinay\u0259t vard\u0131r \u2014 kitablara e\u2032tinas\u0131zl\u0131q, onlar\u0131 oxumama. Bu cinay\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 adam \u00f6mr\u00fc il\u0259 cavab verir; bu cinay\u0259ti mill\u0259t edirs\u0259 \u2014 onda o, \u00f6z tarixiyl\u0259 c\u0259zalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259: \u0130lah\u0259 Ucaruh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 828 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0(Kitabdan se\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259r ) \u0130nsan n\u00f6v\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tarixind\u0259, \u201csapiens\u201d tarixind\u0259 kitab antropoloji fenomendir, t\u0259k\u0259r icad\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r bir \u015feydir. Bizim yaran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan \u201csapiensin\u201d n\u0259y\u0259 qadir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sanki yaranaraq, kitab, \u00e7evril\u0259n v\u0259r\u0259qin s\u00fcr\u0259tiyl\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 vasit\u0259sidir.   …Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bioqrafiyas\u0131 onun dil bi\u00e7imind\u0259dir… Dil zaman ambar\u0131 deyilmi? …B\u00f6y\u00fck Barat\u0131nski, \u00f6z ilham p\u0259risini \u201cqeyri-\u00fcmumi \u00fcz ifad\u0259si olan\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7497"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7500,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497\/revisions\/7500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}