{"id":7543,"date":"2014-12-25T22:13:44","date_gmt":"2014-12-25T18:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7543"},"modified":"2014-12-25T22:13:44","modified_gmt":"2014-12-25T18:13:44","slug":"vahid-om%c9%99rov-xvii-%c9%99srd%c9%99-az%c9%99rbaycan-m%c9%99d%c9%99niyy%c9%99ti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7543","title":{"rendered":"Vahid \u00d6m\u0259rov — XVII \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti"},"content":{"rendered":"
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XVII \u00a0\u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259til\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. “Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi” kitab\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, XVII- \"xal\u00e7a\"<\/a>XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 maarifi ruhanil\u0259r idar\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Yax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da u\u015faqlar t\u0259hsili m\u0259scidl\u0259rin n\u0259zdind\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015f m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 davamiyy\u0259t 10 ya\u015fdan ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259nclik ill\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. T\u0259hsilin davam etdirilm\u0259si birba\u015fa maddi imkanlardan, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, \u015fagirdin meyl v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 idi. Orta m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 adlan\u0131rd\u0131, ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 tibb, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, astronomiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 dig\u0259r elml\u0259rin ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259ri dinl\u0259nirdi. T\u0259hsil Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da fanatizm ruhunda a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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XVII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycanda olan-Evliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da 40 ibtidai v\u0259 7 orta m\u0259kt\u0259b vard\u0131. \u015eah S\u0259fi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikdirilmi\u015f m\u0259scidl\u0259rin n\u0259zdind\u0259 \u00e7oxlu ayr\u0131ca otaqlar-h\u00fccr\u0259l\u0259r vard\u0131, orada t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259min s\u0259yyah\u0131n hesablamas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r T\u0259brizd\u0259ki ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin say\u0131 600, orta m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin say\u0131 47-y\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. Evliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259biy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r abad idi. Burada d\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tli aliml\u0259r elmin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259dris edirdil\u0259r. Onlardan Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u0259czuba T\u0259brizi (1657-1658), \u0130man t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcsl\u00fc Molla M\u00f6min, Mir \u018fli Na\u011f\u0131 \u018frd\u0259bili, M\u00f6vlana \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r \u015eirvani, Molla \u018fliqulu Xalxali, Mirz\u0259 \u0130brahim Ordubadi v\u0259 s. x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdil\u0259r.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda maarif \u0259sas etibaril\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisi aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0259ndli k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsild\u0259n k\u0259narda qal\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin h\u0259r m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259sind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b var idi, k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 bir m\u0259kt\u0259b bir ne\u00e7\u0259 k\u0259nd\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi. D\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcrokratiyas\u0131 v\u0259 divan\u0131n m\u0259mur kadrlar\u0131 bir qayda olaraq \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rd\u0259n haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 k\u0259ndli g\u0259ncl\u0259r c\u00fczi idi.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dili b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u0259f\u0259vi imperiyas\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259, hakim sinfin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. S\u0259yyahlar g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r ki, XVII \u0259srd\u0259 \u015fah saray\u0131nda, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, adl\u0131-sanl\u0131 adamlar\u0131n ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. J.\u015earden xalq m\u0259s\u0259lin\u0259 isnad ed\u0259r\u0259k, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrk dilini hakim dil adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Bu vaxt Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u0259si “saray dili” adlan\u0131rd\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259yanlardan bu dili kamil bilm\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b olunurdu. Az\u0259rbaycan \u00a0t\u00fcrkc\u0259si S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin do\u011fma dili idi. Bunu m\u00fcasir \u0130ran \u00a0 tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri d\u0259 etiraf edirdil\u0259r. N\u0259srullah F\u0259ls\u0259fi yaz\u0131r: “t\u00fcrk dili S\u0259f\u0259vi saray\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi dili idi”. \u018fhm\u0259d K\u0259sr\u0259vi, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, \u00f6z t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131nda bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lib ki, “S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130randa t\u00fcrk \u00a0(Az\u0259rbaycan-S.M.) dilinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n kulminasiya n\u00f6qt\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131”. Bu vaxt t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259nsub olan orijinal, z\u0259ngin Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 xeyli poetik v\u0259 n\u0259sr \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri yarand\u0131. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, II \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l Sani t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 \u015feir yaz\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259srd\u0259 fars \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl d\u00f6vr\u00fc ke\u00e7irirdi. XVI- XVII \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairl\u0259rinin s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, onlar \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini fars dilind\u0259 d\u0259 yarad\u0131rd\u0131lar. XVII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda \u0259n istedadl\u0131 \u015fairl\u0259rd\u0259n biri Q\u00f6vsi T\u0259brizi idi. Onun divan\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lyazmas\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259 Britaniya m\u00fczeyl\u0259rind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Divan\u0131na daxil edilmi\u015f q\u0259sid\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, Q\u00f6vsi T\u0259brizi Qaraba\u011f b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yi U\u011furlu xan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n himay\u0259 olunurdu. N\u0259srabadinin iqrar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Q\u00f6vsi elm \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn T\u0259brizd\u0259n \u0130sfahana g\u0259lmi\u015fdi.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259sr \u0259d\u0259biyyat al\u0259mind\u0259 Q\u00f6vsi T\u0259brizi \u0259n parlaq simalardan biri olmu\u015fdur. O, azadl\u0131q v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t ideyas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131qla v\u0259sf edir, istismar\u00e7\u0131lara nifr\u0259tini, yoxsullara, sad\u0259 adamlara, istismar olunanlara b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirirdi.<\/div>\n
Saib T\u0259brizi-Mirz\u0259 \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259hman o\u011flu Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fli T\u0259brizd\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015f v\u0259 ibtidai t\u0259hsilini orada alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. XVII \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 V\u0259liqulu \u015eaml\u0131 qeyd edirdi kn, I Abbas\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 Saibin ail\u0259si t\u0259brizlil\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259vi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc vaxt\u0131 \u0130sfahanda yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. Ticar\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan atas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259brizd\u0259 geni\u015f n\u00fcfuzu var idi. Saibin u\u015faql\u0131q v\u0259 g\u0259nclik ill\u0259ri T\u0259brizd\u0259, sonra is\u0259 \u0130sfahanda ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. \u015eair v\u0259t\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 T\u0259briz haqq\u0131nda h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fma v\u0259t\u0259ninin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyini v\u0259sf edib, onu “t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f torpaq”, “c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259b\u0259nz\u0259r diyar” adland\u0131r\u0131r. Saib q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rinin birind\u0259 T\u0259brizin yuks\u0259kliyini, ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n onun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcn poetik istedad\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u0259brizin xidm\u0259tind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 fars \u015fairl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 Saib layiqli yer tutur. N\u0259srabadi onu S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u0259d\u0259bi fikrinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 hesab edir. \u00a0E.Bertels is\u0259 S.T\u0259brizini XVII \u0259srin hafizi \"\"adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n
T\u0259rzi \u018ff\u015far XVII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 Urmiya \u0259traf\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n T\u0259rzi k\u0259ndind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. \u00d6z v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0130sfahanda t\u0259hsilini davam etdirmi\u015fdi. A\u011f\u0131r ehtiyac i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259q olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, \u015fair t\u0259hsilini t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259, fars v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b dill\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 kamil yiy\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u015feir yazan T\u0259rzi fars poeziyas\u0131nda yeni m\u0259kt\u0259b yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin bu m\u0259kt\u0259b orijinal olsa da, sonralar inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/div>\n
K\u0259nc T\u0259rzi Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f, Hindistan, \u018fr\u0259bistan, T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan v\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyada olmu\u015fdur. \u015eeirl\u0259rind\u0259 T\u0259briz m\u00f6vzusu geni\u015f yer tutur. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, Y.E.Bertels onun t\u0259brizli oldu\u011funu ehtimal edir. T\u0259rzi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da v\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 olmu\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairi Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vinin v\u0259t\u0259nini y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdi. Alman \u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131 Q.Ete qeyd edir ki, T\u0259rzi \u018ff\u015far “M\u0259dan \u00fcl-c\u0259vahir” (“C\u0259vahirat bula\u011f\u0131”) adl\u0131 hekay\u0259l\u0259r toplusunu hind \u015fah\u0131 N\u0259sr\u0259ddin Cahangir\u0259 (1605-1627) t\u0259qdim \u00a0 etmi\u015fdi. T\u0259rzi \u018ff\u015far\u0131n irsi XVII \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin sosial-iqtisadi-siyasi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u0259y\u0259rlidir.<\/div>\n
M\u0259\u015fhur \u00a0Az\u0259rbaycan \u00a0r\u0259ssam-naturalisti \u00a0 v\u0259 \u00a0t\u0259zkir\u0259\u00e7isi \u00a0Sad\u0131q b\u0259y \u018ff\u015far (1534-1612) T\u0259brizd\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015f, M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r \u018flinin yan\u0131nda r\u0259ssaml\u0131q t\u0259hsili alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi dilind\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “M\u0259cm\u0259 \u00fcl-x\u0259vvas” adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda d\u0259y\u0259rli m\u0259lumat vermi\u015fdir. Onlardan \u00a0 \u018ftiqi XVII \u0259srd\u0259 saray \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan \u0259sasl\u0131 sur\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 xeyli inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi. Bu \u0259d\u0259biyyatda geni\u015f xalq k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rinin arzusu v\u0259 ist\u0259yi \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00d6z k\u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 istismar\u00e7\u0131lara, feodallara, ruhani n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 xalq\u0131 onlara qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259tiyy\u0259tli d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan xalq poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri Tufarqanl\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q Abbasd\u0131r. \u018fsrin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan Abbas\u0131n h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 natamam m\u0259lumat qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Do\u011fma Az\u0259rbaycan, x\u00fcsusil\u0259, T\u0259briz, D\u0259rb\u0259nd, Tufarqan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Qo\u015fma, g\u0259rayl\u0131, divani, m\u00fcx\u0259mm\u0259s v\u0259 s. yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ictimai b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikd\u0259n, d\u00f6vrandan \u015fikay\u0259t, d\u0259rd v\u0259 k\u0259d\u0259r motivl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 z\u00fclm v\u0259 haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 etiraz, xalq\u0131 birliy\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f ruhu da \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Didaktik v\u0259 dini m\u0259zmunda \u015feirl\u0259r d\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t m\u00f6vzusunda lirik \u015feirl\u0259ri m\u0259\u015fhurdur. \u015eeirl\u0259ri orijinal b\u0259dii t\u0259svir vasit\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 z\u0259ngindir. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131q \u015feirl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, “Abbas v\u0259 G\u00fclg\u0259z” dastan\u0131 is\u0259 onun h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda qo\u015fulmu\u015fdur.<\/div>\n
Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q XVII \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun bayat\u0131lar\u0131 qeyd kitab\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ki\u00e7ik par\u00e7alarla birg\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q haqq\u0131nda ilk m\u0259lumat\u0131 XIX \u0259srin t\u0259zkir\u0259\u00e7isi Qarada\u011fi verir v\u0259 qeyd edir ki, Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qarada\u011f mahal\u0131ndand\u0131r. Sonralar o, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur mahal\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcl\u0259bird k\u0259ndin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc (indiki La\u00e7\u0131n rayonu). Haqq A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, Q\u0259rib A\u015f\u0131q adlar\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q g\u00f6z\u0259l bayat\u0131lar ustas\u0131 idi. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0259sas yer tutan a\u015fiqan\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u00fcsal h\u0259sr\u0259ti t\u0259bii v\u0259 t\u0259sirli ifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Bir s\u0131ra bayat\u0131lar\u0131nda h\u0259yatdan naraz\u0131l\u0131q, \u015fikay\u0259t, k\u0259d\u0259r motivl\u0259ri d\u0259 \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Qo\u015fma v\u0259 ba\u011flamalar da yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin onlar\u0131n az qismi d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eeirl\u0259rind\u0259 xalq dilinin b\u0259dii imkanlar\u0131ndan m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 etmi\u015f, orijinal t\u0259\u015fbeh, b\u0259nz\u0259tm\u0259 v\u0259 cinaslar i\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdir. Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yax\u015f\u0131 adl\u0131 q\u0131zla nakam m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n “Yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 A\u015f\u0131q” dastan\u0131 qo\u015fulmu\u015fdur. \u015eeirl\u0259rini ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Salman M\u00fcmtaz 1927-ci ild\u0259 “A\u015f\u0131q Abdulla” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdir. H\u0259min \u015feirl\u0259r 1935-ci ild\u0259 “Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 bayat\u0131lar” ad\u0131 il\u0259 yenid\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur.<\/div>\n
Sar\u0131 A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z s\u0259mimiliyin\u0259, xalqa yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 c\u0259lbedicidir. Onun irsi m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 qorunmu\u015f, n\u0259sild\u0259n-n\u0259sl\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. X\u0259st\u0259 Qas\u0131m (t\u0259q. 1684-1760) Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u015fair-a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259briz yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Tikm\u0259da\u015f k\u0259ndind\u0259ndir. XVII \u0259srin sonu-XVIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 lirik s\u0259pkid\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin o, daha \u00e7ox xalq \u015feiri \u00fcslubunda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri-g\u0259rayl\u0131, qo\u015fma, t\u0259cnis, bayat\u0131, ba\u011flama v\u0259 q\u0131f\u0131lb\u0259ndl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0259xlaqi-t\u0259rbiy\u0259vi fikirl\u0259r, n\u0259sih\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. Ustadnam\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259\u015fhurdur. Onlarda \u015fair insanlar\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259t\u0259, xeyirxahl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, z\u00fclm\u00fc, \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259stliyi, t\u00fcfeyliliyi t\u0259nqid etmi\u015fdir. Bir s\u0131ra \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259man\u0259d\u0259n, t\u0259klikd\u0259n, yoxsulluqdan \u015fikay\u0259t motivl\u0259ri \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259 Qas\u0131m\u0131n m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t m\u00f6vzusundak\u0131 \u015feirl\u0259ri d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eeirl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k b\u0259dii s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, poetik dilin x\u0259lqiliyi il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. O, c\u0131\u011fal\u0131 t\u0259cnisin, qo\u015fma-m\u00fcst\u0259zad\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259 Qas\u0131m \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259ri g\u0259zmi\u015f, a\u015f\u0131qlarla (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Da\u011f\u0131standa L\u0259zgi \u018fhm\u0259d adl\u0131 m\u0259\u015fhur a\u015f\u0131qla) deyi\u015fmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri erm\u0259ni \u0259lifbas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eeirl\u0259rini ilk d\u0259f\u0259 M.Mahmudb\u0259yov toplay\u0131b “SMOMPK” m\u0259cmu\u0259sinin 19-cu burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdir. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, \u015eamax\u0131n\u0131n Tircan k\u0259ndind\u0259 (indiki \u0130smay\u0131ll\u0131 rayonunda) A\u015f\u0131q Orucun X\u0259st\u0259 Qas\u0131m haqq\u0131nda “Molla Qas\u0131m” dastan\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131ya al\u0131b q\u0131sa m\u0259zmununu “Kaspi” q\u0259zetind\u0259 (1895 \u2116 137) d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdir,<\/div>\n
X\u0259st\u0259 Qas\u0131m\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131q \u015feirinin inki\u015faf\u0131na \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.Tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 XVII \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259si m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 dild\u0259n-dil\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n xalq dastanlar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00a0\u0259sas \u00a0m\u00f6vzu olmu\u015fdu. Dastanlarda xalq k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00a0 arzusu, \u00a0 ist\u0259yi, \u00a0kin-k\u00fcdur\u0259ti, \u00a0 hakim \u00a0 feodallara, yadellil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u0259rdliyi v\u0259 h\u00fcn\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm edilmi\u015fdir.<\/div>\n
Bu dastanlar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 “Koro\u011flu” q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastan\u0131 x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. “Koro\u011flu” dastan\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda xalq h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 salnam\u0259sinin \u0259n parlaq s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birini \u0259ks etdirilir v\u0259 XVII \u0259srin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/div>\n
XVII y\u00fczillikd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dastanlar\u0131 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 “\u015e\u0259hriyar v\u0259 S\u0259nub\u0259r” dastan\u0131 g\u00f6rk\u0259mli yer tutur. Dastan Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259srinin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259sini t\u0259msil edir.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi-Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri zaman\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan elmi b\u00f6y\u00fck itki verdi. Onun \u00e7oxlu n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259hv edildi, \u00e7oxlar\u0131 \u00a0\u0130ran \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259srin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131nda diqq\u0259t\u0259layiq \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri Yusif bin M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dcan Qaraba\u011fi M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015eahidir.<\/div>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan aliml\u0259ri \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda S\u0259f\u0259vi imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0131ra elm sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yeni istiqam\u0259t verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d T\u0259brizi, Molla M\u00f6min \u0130man, Molla \u018fliqulu Xalxali, Molla Vaqif Xalxali, N\u0259cib\u0259ddin Rza T\u0259brizi, M\u00f6vlan\u0259 R\u0259c\u0259b\u0259li Vahid T\u0259brizi v\u0259 b. kimi \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan alim v\u0259 \u015fairl\u0259ri yaz\u0131b yarad\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 M\u00f6vlana Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d bin H\u0259s\u0259n \u00a0 \u015eirvani, x\u00fcsusil\u0259, f\u0259xri yer tuturdu.<\/div>\n
XVII \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259ti XVI \u0259srd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f T\u0259briz r\u0259ssaml\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bi \u0259sas\u0131nda inki\u015faf edirdi. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin idar\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri h\u0259r yerd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lanan g\u00f6z\u0259l r\u0259ssam-miniat\u00fcr\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r n\u0259sli yeti\u015fdi.<\/div>\n
M\u0259\u015fhur x\u0259ttat, I Abbas\u0131n kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdiri \u018fli Reza T\u0259brizi b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u0259qqa\u015f-miniat\u00fcr\u00e7\u00fc, T\u0259briz miniat\u00fcr m\u0259kt\u0259binin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli davam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri idi. 1585-ci ild\u0259 T\u0259briz osmanl\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tutulduqdan sonra \u018fli Reza \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259rk edib Q\u0259zvin\u0259 getdi v\u0259 orada g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 x\u0259ttatl\u0131q \u00f6yr\u0259tdi, eyni zamanda, \u00f6z s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirdi.<\/div>\n
\u018fli Reza T\u0259brizi h\u0259m d\u0259 inc\u0259 ornament\u00e7i idi. \u015eah\u0131n f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 o, iki il M\u0259\u015fh\u0259dd\u0259 qald\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fi\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259kkizinci imam\u0131 Musa \u0259r-Rezan\u0131n m\u0259zar\u0131 ornamentinin t\u0259rtibat\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259di. Onun i\u015fl\u0259ri indi d\u0259 XVII \u0259sr inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tinin g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259si kimi M\u0259\u015fh\u0259dd\u0259 “Rezevi” muzeyind\u0259 saxlan\u0131r. \u018fli Rezan\u0131n t\u0259v\u0259ll\u00fcd\u00fc v\u0259 v\u0259fat\u0131 tarixi m\u0259lum deyil, lakin 125 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fc b\u0259llidir.<\/div>\n
Osmanl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar v\u0259t\u0259ni t\u0259rk etmi\u015f g\u00f6rk\u0259mli Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259qqa\u015flar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 Seyid \u018fli T\u0259brizidir. O, 16 cildd\u0259n ibar\u0259t na\u011f\u0131llar t\u0259rtib etmi\u015fdi. Bu cildl\u0259rin h\u0259r s\u0259hif\u0259sini r\u0259ssam f\u0131r\u00e7a il\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259mi\u015fdi. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t r\u0259ssaml\u0131q, miniat\u00fcr \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x t\u0259masda inki\u015faf edirdi. \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri, ad\u0259t\u0259n, b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b yarad\u0131r, \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhurlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u015fah kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131nda topla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. XVII \u0259srd\u0259 biz T\u0259briz miniat\u00fcr v\u0259 r\u0259ssaml\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259binin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0130sfahanda \u015fah saraylar\u0131nda t\u0259sad\u00fcf edirik. Onlar z\u0259ngin T\u0259briz m\u0259kt\u0259binin q\u0259dim \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 sadiq qalaraq yeni \u0130sfahan r\u0259ssaml\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bi yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259qqa\u015fl\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bi yeni formada \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259r yeti\u015fdirirdi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 1509 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

XVII \u00a0\u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259til\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. “Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi” kitab\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, XVII- XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 maarifi ruhanil\u0259r idar\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Yax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da u\u015faqlar t\u0259hsili m\u0259scidl\u0259rin n\u0259zdind\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015f m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 davamiyy\u0259t 10 ya\u015fdan ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259nclik ill\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. T\u0259hsilin davam etdirilm\u0259si birba\u015fa maddi imkanlardan, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7543"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7545,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543\/revisions\/7545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}