{"id":7926,"date":"2015-01-28T11:28:27","date_gmt":"2015-01-28T07:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7926"},"modified":"2015-01-28T11:28:27","modified_gmt":"2015-01-28T07:28:27","slug":"knut-hamsun-xx-%c9%99sr-%c9%99d%c9%99biyyatinin-%c9%99n-ziddiyy%c9%99tli-klassiki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=7926","title":{"rendered":"Knut Hamsun – XX \u0259sr \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n ziddiyy\u0259tli klassiki"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"knuthamsun_portrett-e1414574732993\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cUlduz\u201d jurnal\u0131 il\u0259 ayb.az sayt\u0131n\u0131n birg\u0259 layih\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lham Abbasovun t\u0259qdimat\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

G\u00f6z\u0259l t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t n\u0259\u011fm\u0259kar\u0131, inc\u0259 ruhlu psixoloq, insan\u0131n q\u0259lb ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 t\u0259zadl\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kamil bilicis\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259rsiz ifad\u0259\u00e7isi, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 oxucu n\u0259slinin duy\u011fu v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 hakim k\u0259silmi\u015f, \u0259d\u0259bi z\u00f6vq\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259rbiy\u0259 etmi\u015f ustad yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00e7oxunun yaz\u0131lmas\u0131ndan y\u00fcz ild\u0259n art\u0131q vaxt \u00f6ts\u0259 d\u0259, onlar \u00f6z t\u0259rav\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bu g\u00fcn\u0259c\u0259n itirm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00f6vr\u00fcn A.\u00c7exov, T.Mann, S.Sveyq, H.Uells, C.Qolsuorsi, R.Kiplinq, M.Qorki kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k qim\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqid onun \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini L.Tolstoy, O.Balzak v\u0259 F.Dostoyevski kimi dahil\u0259rin romanlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00f6hb\u0259t b\u00f6y\u00fck Norve\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Knut Hamsundan gedir. 1920-ci ild\u0259 o, Nobel M\u00fckafatlar\u0131 Komit\u0259sinin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 \u201c\u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 torpa\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 patriarxal \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259sadiqliyini qoruyub saxlayan Norve\u00e7 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin h\u0259yat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n \u201cTorpa\u011f\u0131n b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti\u201d \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259\u201d \u0259d\u0259biyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Knut Hamsun (\u0259sl soyad\u0131 Pedersen) 1859-cu il avustun 4-d\u0259 Norve\u00e7in m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259sind\u0259, Harmutret xutorunda \u00e7oxu\u015faql\u0131 yoxsul k\u0259ndli ail\u0259sind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdu. \u00d6z torpa\u011f\u0131 olmayan, ail\u0259sini muzdurluqla doland\u0131ran atas\u0131 Peder \u0259lav\u0259 qazanc xatirin\u0259 gec\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rzilik d\u0259 edirdi. Knut \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n ail\u0259si \u015eimal Buzlu okean\u0131n\u0131n sahilind\u0259, q\u00fctb dair\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Nurlaun q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc. Atas\u0131 yax\u0131nl\u0131qda, qayn\u0131n\u0131n Hamsunq xutorunda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n fermas\u0131nda\u00a0 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. 10-12 ya\u015flar\u0131ndan atas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc k\u0259ndli \u0259m\u0259yinin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n Knut \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 h\u0259min xutorun ad\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Day\u0131s\u0131 balaca muzdurunun naz\u0131 il\u0259 oynam\u0131r, onu tez-tez d\u00f6y\u00fcr v\u0259 ac saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 1873-c\u00fc ild\u0259 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda evd\u0259n qa\u00e7an, \u00e7\u0259km\u0259\u00e7\u0131 \u015fagirdi, b\u0259nna k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi, konka konduktoru, x\u0131rdavat sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yeniyetm\u0259 t\u0259qibl\u0259rd\u0259n gizl\u0259nm\u0259k, \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k pulu tapmaq xatirin\u0259 i\u015fini v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerini daim d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259li olurdu. M\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dolu bu h\u0259yat i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 Knutun yegan\u0259 \u00fcmid v\u0259 sevinc m\u0259nb\u0259yi Allah\u0131n (ya t\u0259bi\u0259tin) ona b\u0259x\u015f etdiyi fitri yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q istedad\u0131 idi. \u015eahidi odu\u011fu maraql\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zetl\u0259r\u0259 x\u0131rdaca x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r yaz\u0131rd\u0131…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u0259tta ibtidai t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa bel\u0259 imkan\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f, yaz\u0131b-oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f g\u0259nc 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n ilk \u201cciddi\u201d \u0259s\u0259rini \u2013 \u201cFrida\u201d povestini yaz\u0131r v\u0259 Norve\u00e7in \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur \u015fairi, g\u0259l\u0259cyin Nobel m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 B.B\u00f6rnsonun yan\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ona verir. B.B\u00f6rnson \u0259lyazma il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olduqdan sonrag\u0259nc m\u00fc\u0259llif\u0259\u2013 \u201ccavan o\u011flan, yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131 ki, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc aktyorluqda s\u0131nayas\u0131n\u0131z\u201d \u2013 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tini verir. \u00d6l\u00fcm h\u00f6km\u00fcn\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259n bu \u201cm\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u201d inadkar cavan\u0131 ruhdan salm\u0131r v\u0259 bir il sonra o, \u201cM\u00fc\u0259mmal\u0131 adam\u201d(1877) povestini \u00e7ap etdirir. H\u0259yatda \u00f6z yerini tapmaq ist\u0259yil\u0259 g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 yolpulunu bir baqqaldan borc alaraq 1878-ci ild\u0259 arzular\u0131n\u0131n dal\u0131nca Norve\u00e7in o zaman Kristaniya adlanan paytaxt\u0131 Oslo \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. V\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min ild\u0259 d\u0259 K.Hamsunun \u201cYeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259nzum povesti v\u0259 \u201cB\u00fcrger\u201d adl\u0131 ilk hekay\u0259si n\u0259\u015fr edilir. Osloda bir il yol f\u0259hl\u0259si kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan sonra b\u0259xtini s\u0131namaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha uzaqlara \u2013 Amerikaya \u00fcz tutmaq q\u0259rarina g\u0259lir. \u0130ngilisc\u0259 bir k\u0259lm\u0259 d\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n g\u0259nc m\u00fchacir AB\u015e-da iki il\u0259 yax\u0131nehtiyac\u0131n h\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra 1884-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Norve\u00e7\u0259 qay\u0131tmal\u0131 olur. Daha iki il v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 acl\u0131q v\u0259 s\u0259fal\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcnl\u0259r ke\u00e7irir v\u0259 1886-c\u0131 ilin sonunda yenid\u0259n AB\u015e-a ged\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259muzd f\u0259hl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 dolanma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Lakin bu d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 Amerikan\u0131 \u201cf\u0259th ed\u0259\u201d bilm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k Avropaya d\u00f6nm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olur.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rib\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259ns\u0259 d\u0259, bu u\u011fursuzluq onun h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259n u\u011furlu rol oynay\u0131r. Bu d\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 yox, Danimarkan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Kopenhagend\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fan K.Hamsun h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259kar \u0259d\u0259bi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa h\u0259sr etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir v\u0259 yenic\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f publisist, \u201cNyu Yord\u201d (\u201cYeni h\u0259yat\u201d) jurnal\u0131n\u0131n redaktoru Edvard Brandes\u0259 t\u0259qdim edir. O, Danimarkan\u0131n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli ictimai v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi xadimi, K.Hamsundan \u0259vv\u0259lki Nobel m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 H.Pontoppidan v\u0259 K. Gellerupun ustad\u0131 olmu\u015f Georq Brandesin ki\u00e7ik qarda\u015f\u0131 idi. Onunk\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 roman 1890-c\u0131 ild\u0259 jurnalda, 1891-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 ayr\u0131ca kitab \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259r\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn Skandinaviyada sensasiya do\u011furan \u0259d\u0259bi hadis\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. \u018fs\u0259rin jurnal variant\u0131 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259nd\u0259n d\u0259rhal sonra Norve\u00e7 m\u0259tbuat\u0131 \u201c\u0259d\u0259biyyata yeni \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t, yeni b\u0259dii \u00fcslub g\u0259ldiyini\u201d vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Kitab\u0131n n\u0259\u015frind\u0259n sonra is\u0259 Danimarka t\u0259nqid\u00e7isi Erik Skram roman\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011furu haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cBu \u0259s\u0259rin b\u0259dii m\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259ri onu m\u00fcasir Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 bir s\u0131raya qoymaq imkan\u0131 verir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1885-1886-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Osloda ba\u015f vermi\u015f real hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015f \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d roman\u0131nda s\u00fcjet birinci \u015f\u0259xsin dilind\u0259n n\u0259ql edilir. K\u00f6hn\u0259 bir evin \u00e7arda\u011f\u0131nda, ki\u00e7icik bir otaqda ehtiyac \u00e7\u0259k\u0259r\u0259k ya\u015fayan g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z \u0259zablar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. O, ki\u00e7ik m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 felyetonlar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, \u00e7ox vaxt buna nail ola bilmir. G\u00fcnd\u0259lik \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k pulu qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn o, ist\u0259nil\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa haz\u0131rd\u0131r, amma elanlar\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r diqq\u0259tl\u0259 izl\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, he\u00e7 bir i\u015f tapa bilmir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Daimi acl\u0131q iztirablar\u0131 onun \u0259s\u0259bl\u0259rinin d\u0259 pozulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Beynini did\u0259n \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc fikirl\u0259r onu yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa da qoymur. Azac\u0131q da olsa v\u0259sait \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259tta kitablar\u0131n\u0131 da satma\u011fa, girov qoyma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdur. Psixi sars\u0131nt\u0131 v\u0259 sinir pozuntular\u0131 onun r\u0259ftar\u0131nda da anormal m\u0259qamlar\u0131n meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131ql\u0131qlar g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 az-az da olsa yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rc ed\u0259n q\u0259zetin redaktoruonlar\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina edir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu c\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131r s\u0131naqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Allah\u0131n niy\u0259 m\u0259hz onu se\u00e7diyi bar\u0259d\u0259\u00a0 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra bel\u0259 bir q\u0259rara g\u0259lir ki, Tanr\u0131 onu m\u0259hv etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu yolu se\u00e7mi\u015fdir. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ota\u011f\u0131n kiray\u0259 haqq\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn son\u00a0 m\u00f6hl\u0259tin d\u0259 vaxt\u0131 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. O, q\u0259zet\u0259 verdiyi yaz\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rc olunaca\u011f\u0131, qonorar il\u0259 evin pulunu \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi \u00fcmidi il\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r, lakin bu son \u00fcmid d\u0259 pu\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Ev sah\u0131binin k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259nc gec\u0259ni me\u015f\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acl\u0131q \u0259zablar\u0131na birt\u0259h\u0259r son qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k d\u00fckan\u0131na gedib bir tik\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k ist\u0259yir, ancaq yavan \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259yi \u00e7eyn\u0259yib udmaq bel\u0259 onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Onun k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259fil v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcb polis b\u00f6lm\u0259sin\u0259 apar\u0131rlar. G\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 yalandan guya m\u0259nzilinin a\u00e7ar\u0131n\u0131 itirdiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259yir. B\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 evsiz-e\u015fiksiz kims\u0259sizl\u0259r\u0259 yem\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn talon verildiyini g\u00f6r\u00fcnc\u0259, s\u0259filliyini etiraf etm\u0259diyin\u0259 pe\u015fman olur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Polisd\u0259n burax\u0131landan sonra k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n rastla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131\u015f q\u0259zet redaktoru hal\u0131na ac\u0131yaraq g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k qonorar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na ona bir q\u0259d\u0259r pul verir. O, t\u0259z\u0259d\u0259n bir otaq kiray\u0259l\u0259yib gec\u0259-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz yeni yaz\u0131lar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Son q\u0259pik-quru\u015funu \u015fam alma\u011fa x\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259n g\u0259ncin \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k alma\u011fa yen\u0259 d\u0259 pulu qalm\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu fiziki v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259zablar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 o, yarad\u0131c\u0131 istedad\u0131na inam\u0131n\u0131 bir an bel\u0259 itirmir. Ancaq bu yolla m\u0259hv olmaqdan can qurtara bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini anlay\u0131nca g\u0259mid\u0259 ocaq\u00e7\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259lir v\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tin olsa da, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q arzusundan \u0259l \u00e7\u0259km\u0259li olur. Real h\u0259yatda q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131ndan daha inadkar \u00e7\u0131xan K.Hamsun bundan sonra yenid\u0259n AB\u015e-a getm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olsa da, inad\u0131ndan d\u00f6nm\u0259mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00fc\u0259llifin b\u00fct\u00fcn diqq\u0259tinin \u0259zab \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n t\u0259nha v\u0259 kims\u0259siz, f\u0259q\u0259t istedadl\u0131 v\u0259 irad\u0259li bir insan\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n d\u0259rin qatlar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f bu \u0259s\u0259ri K.Hamsun \u00f6z\u00fc roman yox, insan ruhunun t\u0259hlilin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r silsil\u0259si hesab edirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6z q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131na ad verm\u0259mi\u015fdir, \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259ki hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ke\u00e7irdiyi h\u0259yatin t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u0131 da, dem\u0259k olar ki, bilinmir. Ancaq onun n\u0259 zamansa yax\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259r ke\u00e7irm\u0131\u015f, ail\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259si g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259n\u0259viyyatl\u0131 bir insan oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259dir. \u00dczl\u0259\u015fdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, o, m\u0259nliyini, insaniliyini bir an bel\u0259 itirmir, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini al\u00e7alda bil\u0259c\u0259k, \u0259xlaq v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259viyyat \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xan bir add\u0131m bel\u0259 atm\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00fc\u0259llif x\u00fcsusi olaraq vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259db\u0259xtliy\u0259 d\u00fc\u00e7ar ed\u0259n, iztirablar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran bir amil d\u0259onun t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Onu \u0259zablara m\u0259ruz qoyan bu b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 (d\u00fcnyada !) k\u0259lm\u0259 k\u0259s\u0259c\u0259yi, d\u0259rd-s\u0259rini b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259yi, \u0259n n\u0259hay\u0259t, k\u00f6m\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi bir n\u0259f\u0259r bel\u0259 yax\u0131n\u0131, dostu yoxdur.<\/p>\n

\u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furundan sonra Kopenhagend\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t olunan K.Hamsun bu m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q kredosunun v\u0259 estetik kosepsiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas prinsipl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rh etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir f\u00fcrs\u0259t kimi yararlanmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi. Birinci m\u00fchazir\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropada b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0130sve\u00e7 dramaturqu H.\u0130bsen d\u0259 i\u015ftirak edirdi. Lakin bu, g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 onun v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnvan\u0131na bir s\u0131ra t\u0259nqidi fikirl\u0259r s\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kindirm\u0259di. K.Hamsunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca ittiham\u0131 bu idi ki, realist yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u0259sas diqq\u0259ti c\u0259miyy\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n zahiri c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259r\u0259k insan\u0131n daxili d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u00fcfuz etm\u0259yi yaddan \u00e7\u0131xarir, onun m\u0259n\u0259vi al\u0259minin ziddiyy\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blikl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirm\u0259yi unudurlar. Onun fikrinc\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z real ger\u00e7\u0259kliyin faktlar\u0131n\u0131, ictimai \u015f\u0259raiti \u0259ks etdirm\u0259k kifay\u0259t deyil, insan\u0131n psixologiyas\u0131n\u0131, ruhunu t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259k laz\u0131mdir. \u018fd\u0259bi obrazlar yaln\u0131z hans\u0131sa ictimai ideyalar\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimiyox, q\u0259lbi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif duy\u011fu v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin ziddiyy\u0259tli qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131 il\u0259 dolu olan canl\u0131 insan kimi t\u0259qdim olunmal\u0131dir. \u00d6z yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q missiyas\u0131n\u0131 o bel\u0259 m\u0259naland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cM\u00fcasir bir psixoloq kimi m\u0259n insan ruhunu i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmal\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259svir etm\u0259li, onun \u0259n d\u0259rin gu\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015f vurmal\u0131, \u0259n gizli sirl\u0259rini a\u00e7mal\u0131yam.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0H.\u0130bsenin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u011f\u0131nda K.Hamsunun daxil\u0259n q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi bir c\u0259h\u0259t d\u0259 get-ged\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259n\u0259n simvolizm cizgil\u0259ri idi. \u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 B.B\u00f6rnsonun\u00a0 estetik realizmini d\u0259 o art\u0131q\u00a0 k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f, zaman\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab verm\u0259y\u0259n bir \u0259d\u0259bi metod say\u0131rd\u0131. O, XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda meydana \u00e7\u0131xan naturalizm v\u0259 pozitivizm c\u0259r\u0259yanlar\u0131ndan da uzaq dururdu. \u0130nsan v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda mexaniki t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259r, insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z zahiri amill\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011flayan determinist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r d\u0259 K.Hamsuna yad idi. O, insan\u0131n ictimai v\u0259 f\u0259rdi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin obyektiv m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyini yax\u015f\u0131 anlay\u0131r v\u0259 qeyd olunan c\u0259r\u0259yanlar\u0131n \u201cb\u0259sit\u201d yana\u015fmas\u0131ndan qa\u00e7araq t\u0259svir etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcjet x\u0259tti v\u0259 ideyas\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00fcslub v\u0259 m\u0259zmun korrekt\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259 xeyli yum\u015fald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259, sonda daha faci\u0259vi bir yekunla g\u00f6rk\u0259mli Amerika yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Cek Londonun Az\u0259rbaycan oxucusuna yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131\u015f olan m\u0259\u015fhur \u201cMartin \u0130den\u201d (1909) roman\u0131nda, dem\u0259k olar ki, t\u0259krarlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K.Hamsunun b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin he\u00e7 biri tam avtobioqrqfik s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131masa da, onlar\u0131n h\u0259r birind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00f6z taleyind\u0259n, t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n detallar tapmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131 x\u00fcsusi f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259n sonra XIX \u0259srin son onilliyind\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 bir-birinin ard\u0131nca \u201cMisteriyalar\u201d(1892), \u201cRedaktor L\u00fcnge\u201d(1892), \u201cYeni \u015f\u0259f\u0259ql\u0259r\u201d (1893), \u201cPan\u201d(1894), \u201cViktoriya\u201d(1898) romanlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr etdirir. \u201cMisteriyalar\u201d\u00a0 roman\u0131nda \u00a0ki\u00e7ik bir k\u0259nd\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 camaat\u0131n avaml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131 saxta \u201cm\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259\u201d heyr\u0259t\u0259 salan bir f\u0131r\u0131ldaq\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs olunur. (Bu s\u00fcjet b\u00f6y\u00fck Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lilin \u00f6lm\u0259z \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcl\u0259r\u201d \u0259s\u0259rinin ideyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir daha s\u00fcbut edir.) \u201cPan\u201d v\u0259 \u201cViktoriya\u201d romanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t m\u00f6vzusu t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Dig\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, sevgi m\u00f6vzusunda da yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 yenim\u00fcnasib\u0259t n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259yi bacarm\u0131\u015fdir. H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 onun kitablar\u0131 bir \u00e7ox dill\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilir v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck populyarl\u0131q qazan\u0131r. Lakin etiraf etm\u0259k laz\u0131mdir ki, bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin he\u00e7 biri \u201cAcl\u0131\u011f\u201d\u0131n u\u011furunu t\u0259krarlaya bilm\u0259di. Daha y\u00fcks\u0259k pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131q v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqid deb\u00fctant yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259mind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201dla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 geriy\u0259 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f add\u0131m kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cMisteriyalar\u201d roman\u0131nda\u00a0 f\u0259rdin \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n, \u201cPan\u201d roman\u0131nda insan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tl\u0259 do\u011fmal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 A.\u015eopenhauer, E.Hartman, F.Nits\u015fe f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslanan yeni \u2013 subyektiv n\u0259sr konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 praktik olaraq yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, \u201cQ\u0259lbin \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 irih\u0259cmli essesind\u0259 d\u0259 bu konsepsiyan\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri m\u00fcdd\u0259alr\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cNorve\u00e7 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d, \u201cPsixoloji \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d, \u201cD\u0259bli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d, \u201cAristokratik radikalizm\u201d, \u201cSimvolizm\u201d kimi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 K.Hamsun sosial y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 inkar ed\u0259r\u0259k ir\u0259li s\u00fcrdry\u00fc yeni s\u0259n\u0259t konsepsiyas\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 \u201cictimai m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 insan ruhundan daha art\u0131q diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259kd\u0259\u201d itiham edir. O, s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259tin ifad\u0259sini obyektivlikl\u0259 yox, \u201cq\u0259r\u0259zsiz subyektivizm\u201d il\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131rd\u0131. Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n Kamyu, Kafka, Sartr kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q m\u00f6vqeyinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na K.Hamsunun \u0259d\u0259bi praktikas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259siri dan\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 XIX \u0259srin 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259srl\u0259 paralel olaraq h\u0259m d\u0259 dram yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259n \u0259dib \u201cHakimiyy\u0259tin qap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259\u201d(1895), \u201cH\u0259yat dram\u0131\u201d(1896), \u201cAx\u015fam \u015f\u0259f\u0259qi\u201d(1898) pyesl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t dramaturji trilogiyas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131r. Lakin d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi ictimaiyy\u0259ti\u00a0 bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri soyuq qar\u015f\u0131layaraq \u0259dibin s\u0259hn\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259dii xarakterl\u0259rin romanlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n z\u0259if al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lir. K.Hamsun da, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015faraq \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r bir daha dram \u0259s\u0259ri yazm\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a090-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Skandinaviya, alman, frans\u0131z, rus n\u0259srinin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n tan\u0131\u015f olan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 onlardan yarad\u0131c\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k\u00a0 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi-estetik konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259dii ifad\u0259 \u00fcslubunu daha da z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirir. O, d\u00fcnya n\u0259srinin b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin getdiyi yolu t\u0259krar etm\u0259d\u0259n, yeni \u0259d\u0259bi \u00fcslub v\u0259 ifad\u0259 t\u0259rzi taparaq onlar\u0131n \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259dii kamillik zirv\u0259sini f\u0259th etm\u0259yi bacar\u0131r. \u018fn maraql\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259t odur ki, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u015fedvrl\u0259rini yaradark\u0259n g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 ona t\u0259sirind\u0259n b\u0259hs olunan klasik \u0259dibl\u0259rin \u00e7oxunun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini h\u0259l\u0259 he\u00e7 oxumam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1898-ci ild\u0259 39 ya\u015fl\u0131 K.Hamsun 25 ya\u015fl\u0131 Berqliot Beks adl\u0131 xan\u0131mla ail\u0259 qurur. S\u0259kkiz il davam ed\u0259n bu nikahdan onun bir q\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. \u0130kinci d\u0259f\u0259 1909-cu ild\u0259 50 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n 22 ya\u015f ki\u00e7ik aktrisa Mariya Andersenl\u0259 evl\u0259nmi\u015f, d\u00fcnyaya iki o\u011ful,iki qiz \u00f6vlad\u0131 g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r onunla bir az xo\u015fb\u0259xt, bir az qalmaqall\u0131 h\u0259yat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 1898-ci ild\u0259 Norve\u00e7 Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar C\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259n 1200 kron m\u0259bl\u0259\u011find\u0259 yard\u0131m alan K.Hamsun bu v\u0259saiti s\u0259yah\u0259t\u0259 s\u0259rf etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir. O, s\u0259f\u0259r mar\u015frutu olaraq Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 imperiyalar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ir. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 xan\u0131m\u0131 Berqliotla birg\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Sankt-Peterburq v\u0259 Moskvada olduqdan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n yol\u00fcst\u00fc Qafqazda olmu\u015f, Vladiqafqaz, Tiflis v\u0259 Bakida bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdi. Bu s\u0259yah\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiya (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Bak\u0131) s\u0259f\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda \u201cNa\u011f\u0131llar \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259\u201d, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda is\u0259 \u201cAypara \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259\u201d adl\u0131 o\u00e7erkl\u0259rini n\u0259\u015fr etdirir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bak\u0131 s\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259 K.Hamsun neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259, d\u0259niz sahilind\u0259, Qara\u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259, \u0130\u00e7\u0259ri\u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fahlar saray\u0131nda (m\u00fc\u0259llif\u00a0 \u201cXan saray\u0131\u201d yaz\u0131r), At\u0259\u015fgahda olmu\u015f, \u0259sas diqq\u0259ti \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131r ekoloji v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltmi\u015fdi. (H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd ki, o zaman he\u00e7 \u201cekologiya\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00f6vcud deyildi.) H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 Bak\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yazan bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, Norve\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 neft s\u0259nayesinin co\u015fqun inki\u015faf\u0131ndan v\u0259cd\u0259 g\u0259lmir, \u0259ksin\u0259, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq, Q\u0259rb texnologiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri v\u0259 onun sakinl\u0259rini \u00f6z t\u0259bii h\u0259yatlar\u0131ndan uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u0259bi\u0259ti \u00e7irkl\u0259ndirdiyini x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNa\u011f\u0131llar \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 K.Hamsun Bak\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edir: \u201cBak\u0131n\u0131n 125 min\u0259 yax\u0131n \u0259halisi var, bura X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin sahilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm ticar\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259ridir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r n\u0259h\u0259ng toz duman\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. \u018fh\u0259ng da\u015f\u0131 tozu insanlar\u0131n, heyvanlar\u0131n, evl\u0259rin, p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rin, yegan\u0259 parkda bit\u0259n a\u011fac v\u0259 kollar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rini tamam ort\u00fcb. H\u0259r \u015fey \u00e7ox q\u0259rib\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Burada neft torpa\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan fontan vurur, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin havas\u0131ndan kerosin qoxusu g\u0259lir. V\u0259rdi\u015f etm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259 bu qoxu arams\u0131z \u00f6sk\u00fcr\u0259k yarad\u0131r. Burada h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259k \u0259sir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 …\u015e\u0259h\u0259r o q\u0259d\u0259r Avropala\u015f\u0131b ki, \u015e\u0259rq \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmaqdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b, ancaq o q\u0259d\u0259r \u015e\u0259rqli qal\u0131b ki, h\u0259l\u0259 Avropal\u0131 olmay\u0131b.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 XIX \u2013 XX \u0259srl\u0259rin qovu\u015fma m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 K.Hamsunun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da ke\u00e7id v\u0259 yenil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesi ba\u015f verir. O, ilk \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 xas olan m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t m\u0259zmunlu, y\u00fcks\u0259k pafoslu lirizmd\u0259n uzaqla\u015faraq daha epik xarakterli t\u0259hkiy\u0259 \u00fcslubuna \u00fcz tutur. Yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 onun n\u0259sri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Norve\u00e7 \u0259yal\u0259tinin h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259ti v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u00fcnyas\u0131 apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Onun q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131n\u0131n duy\u011fu v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 romantik m\u0259zmununu itir\u0259r\u0259k daha h\u0259yati mahiyy\u0259t qazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi b\u00f6hranla ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. V\u0259t\u0259ninin t\u0259dric\u0259n patriarxal h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259n uzaqla\u015faraq onun nifr\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259diyi\u00a0 kapitalist inki\u015faf yoluna \u00fcz tutmas\u0131 K.Hamsunu \u00e7ox ciddi m\u0259n\u0259vi ya\u015fant\u0131lara, h\u0259tta iztirablara m\u0259ruz qoyurdu. H\u0259l\u0259 AB\u015e-da ke\u00e7irdiyi ill\u0259rd\u0259 Q\u0259rb yolunun q\u0259buledilm\u0259zliyi bar\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi q\u0259na\u0259t art\u0131q real h\u0259yat t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u0131n v\u0259 amans\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu hiss onun h\u0259yat duyumuna a\u011f\u0131r bir q\u00fcss\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc g\u0259tirirdi. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u201cX\u0259yalp\u0259rv\u0259r\u201d(1904), \u201cV\u0259h\u015fi xor\u201d(1904) \u201cPay\u0131z ulduzlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda\u201d(1906), \u201cQ\u0131z\u0131l g\u00fcl\u201d(1908), \u201cX\u0259lv\u0259ti ifa ed\u0259n s\u0259yyah\u201d(1909), \u201cSonuncu sevinc\u201d(1912) \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri m\u0259hz bu \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259nin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130rih\u0259cmli n\u0259sr \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u0259dibin q\u0259l\u0259mind\u0259n \u201cSav \u00e7ari\u00e7as\u0131\u201d, \u201cPo\u00e7t arabas\u0131\u201d, \u201cAdic\u0259 mil\u00e7\u0259k\u201d, \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259\u201d, \u201c\u00dcz\u00fck\u201d, \u201cM\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t k\u00f6l\u0259si\u201d, \u201cTrivolili xan\u0131m\u201d, \u201cGizli a\u011fr\u0131\u201d, \u201cAta v\u0259 o\u011ful\u201d, \u201cQalib\u201d, \u201cH\u0259yat\u0131n s\u0259si\u201d v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259\u015fhur hekay\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r onun romanlarla yana\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin say\u0131lan hekay\u0259 janr\u0131nda da yetkin istedad sahibi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Romanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi, hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di personajlar\u0131n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l m\u0259n\u0259vi-psixoloji portretinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1910-cu ild\u0259 K.Hamsun \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131ndan uzaqla\u015fmaq bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7oxdank\u0131 niyy\u0259tini realla\u015fd\u0131raraq k\u0259nd\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u015fimal adalar\u0131ndan birind\u0259 xutor al\u0131r, 1918-ci ild\u0259n is\u0259 Qrim\u015ftad \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Nerxolt malikan\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Bu add\u0131m yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn prinsipial m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131 \u2013 daim t\u0259bi\u0259tl\u0259, torpaqla s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 olan, insan \u0259m\u0259yinin real b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259yani olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n k\u0259nd h\u0259yat\u0131, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, insan\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 fiziki iflas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaran \u015f\u0259h\u0259r sivilizasiyas\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq, h\u0259m f\u0259rd, h\u0259m d\u0259 xalq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xilas yoludur. K.Hamsun Avropan\u0131n patriarxal h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0259nayel\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin \u0259leyhin\u0259 idi. Hesab edirdi ki, bu prosesl\u0259r insan\u0131 ilkinliyind\u0259n, t\u0259biiliyind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu z\u0259mind\u0259 yaranan ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259ti d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131, t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u0259n qanlar yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bel\u0259 bir q\u0259na\u0259tini bir daha q\u0259til\u0259\u015fdirdi ki, tarixi prosesl\u0259r d\u00fczg\u00fcn yolla getmir. Onun fikrinc\u0259, m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan beyn\u0259lxalq ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r m\u0259hz m\u00fcasir sivilizasiyan\u0131n f\u0259sadlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. V\u0259 bunda ictimai-sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, diqq\u0259ti insandan daha \u015fox ictimai m\u00fchit\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n da \u00f6z g\u00fcnah pay\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si artd\u0131qca K.Hamsun daha geni\u015f \u0259hat\u0259li, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b strukturlu, epik xarakterli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yazma\u011fa meyll\u0259nir. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq \u201c\u018fsrin \u00f6vladlar\u0131\u201d(1913) v\u0259 iki cildlik \u201cSegelfoss \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri\u201d(1915) romanlar\u0131 meydana g\u0259lir. \u018fsl xalq h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n, milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzinin yaln\u0131z k\u0259nd m\u00fchitind\u0259 qorunub saxland\u0131\u011f\u0131, urbanizasiyan\u0131n xalq\u0131 t\u0259bii-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi k\u00f6kl\u0259rind\u0259n ay\u0131r\u0131b \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrind\u0259 olan \u0259dib bu ideyalar\u0131n ifad\u0259si olaraq 1917-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ri olan \u201cTorpa\u011f\u0131n b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r. Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259\u00a0 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat konsepsiyas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n dol\u011fun v\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l ifad\u0259sini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu monumental epopeyada m\u00fc\u0259llif\u00a0 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi patriarxal h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259, \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259 torpa\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyub saxlam\u0131\u015f sad\u0259 Norve\u00e7 k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri \u0130sak v\u0259 \u0130ngerin b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259svir etdiyi h\u0259yat\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7i \u0259m\u0259yini insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n faydal\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259r\u0259fli m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259t kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roman\u0131n u\u011furu \u015fox m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m oldu. H\u0259rbi v\u0259 siyas\u0131 b\u00f6hran \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259, tam qorxu v\u0259 \u00e7a\u015fq\u0131nl\u0131q i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f Norve\u00e7 c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 bu \u0259s\u0259r \u0259sl insanl\u0131q mahiyy\u0259tinin b\u0259rpas\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259b\u0259di d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm ed\u0259n bir himn kimi qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bu triumfal marafonun z\u0259f\u0259r fini\u015fi is\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ali \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u00fckafat\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259ltif\u00a0 eilm\u0259si oldu. 1920-ci ild\u0259 Nobel M\u00fckafatlar\u0131 Komit\u0259si az-az hallarda ba\u015f ver\u0259n bir q\u0259rar q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k konkret bir \u0259s\u0259r\u0259 — m\u0259hz \u201cTorpa\u011f\u0131n b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti\u201d roman\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Knut Hamsunu \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u00fczr\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u018fd\u0259biyyat \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259lledici soz sahibi olan qurumun \u2013 \u0130sve\u00e7 Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 \u00fczv\u00fc Harald Yerne bu \u0259s\u0259rin ideyas\u0131n\u0131n, sad\u0259c\u0259, k\u0259nd h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011flanmas\u0131 fikrini yanl\u0131\u015f sayaraq onu \u201charada ya\u015famas\u0131ndan, n\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n h\u0259qiqi h\u0259yat hekay\u0259si\u201d kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 alark\u0259n c\u0259mi 61 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, K.Hamsun t\u0259qdimat m\u0259rasimind\u0259ki nitqind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cqoca\u201d adland\u0131raraq g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 yol verm\u0259yin vacibliyind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 nitqini g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr etmi\u015fdi. M\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitil\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Norve\u00e7in c\u0259nubunda iri bir torpaq sah\u0259si ald\u0131. Burada malikan\u0259 tikdir\u0259r\u0259k orada ya\u015fama\u011fa, h\u0259m yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qla, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130ki d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si aras\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6vr onun \u015fan-\u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t v\u0259 populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirv\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si idi. Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 ald\u0131qdan sonra K.Hamsunun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri Avropan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn dill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edildi, ad\u0131 d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda m\u0259\u015fhurlasd\u0131. Lakin paradoksal v\u0259ziyy\u0259t onda idi ki, el\u0259 h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t konsepsiyas\u0131 getdikc\u0259 daha art\u0131q \u00fcmidsizlik v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131lmazl\u0131q ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259siri alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yatdan k\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fck motivl\u0259ri, insan m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131n\u0131n qaranl\u0131q c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini daha qabar\u0131q \u0259ks etdirm\u0259k meyll\u0259ri getdikc\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259nir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu hal h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ictimai h\u0259yatda q\u0259rb\u00e7i sivilizasiya normalar\u0131n\u0131n patriarxal h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259 cavab reaksiyas\u0131 kimi\u00a0 meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cQad\u0131nlar quyu ba\u015f\u0131nda\u201d(1920) povestind\u0259 balaca bir bal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259 \u0259halinin m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259ndin \u00f6z ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259r\u0259k tamam m\u0259hv olmas\u0131 prosesi t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir. \u0130ki cildlik \u201cSon f\u0259sil\u201d roman\u0131 da t\u0259svir edil\u0259n h\u0259yat normas\u0131na v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00f6vqeyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u0259dbinlik t\u0259lqin ed\u0259n bir \u0259s\u0259rdir. Burada ucqar bir k\u0259ndin yan\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u00fcmidsiz x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pansionun \u00fcr\u0259ks\u0131xan, q\u00fcss\u0259li h\u0259yat tarix\u00e7\u0259si \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu pansionat\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llif m\u00fcasir x\u0259st\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin simvolik modeli olaraq t\u0259qdim edir. Onun \u0259ksin\u0259, sa\u011flam ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f r\u0259mzi kimi yax\u0131nl\u0131qdak\u0131 k\u0259ndin h\u0259yat\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilib.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u201cS\u0259rs\u0259ril\u0259r\u201d(1927), \u201cAvqust\u201d(1930), \u201cH\u0259yat davam edir\u201d(1933) romanlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t trilogiyas\u0131nda \u0259yal\u0259t k\u0259ndinin h\u0259yat\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir tarixi epoxada \u2013 XIX \u0259srin 70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259n XX \u0259srin 20-ci ill\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki d\u00f6vrd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn geni\u015fliyi v\u0259 d\u0259rinliyi il\u0259 t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u018fdibin son b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259ri \u2013 1936-c\u0131 ild\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015f \u201cDair\u0259 qapan\u0131r\u201d roman\u0131 h\u0259m s\u00fcjetin gedi\u015fin\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 final\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 tam faci\u0259vi s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. \u0130nsani duy\u011fulardan, m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n uzaq d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u0259s\u0259rin q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 s\u0259fil Abeli h\u0259yat\u0131n lap dibin\u0259 ataraq, ruhunda xeyirl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn hissl\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k onu anlaqs\u0131z v\u0259h\u015fiy\u0259 \u00e7evirir v\u0259 sonda m\u00fc\u0259llif insan h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n tam m\u0259nas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 K.Hamsunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda roman, povest, pyes, hekay\u0259, \u015feir v\u0259 publisistik yaz\u0131lardan ibar\u0259t 30-dan \u00e7ox kitab\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130ctimai t\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar\u0131na inanmamas\u0131, demokratik inki\u015faf yolunu q\u0259bul etm\u0259m\u0259si K.Hamsunun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 h\u0259yat yolunun yekununda f\u0259ci\u0259li sonlu\u011fa g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. Norve\u00e7 xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli iftixar m\u0259nb\u0259yi olan \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nin, mill\u0259tin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 onun d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir s\u0131rada durdu. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunma\u011fa ba\u015flayan antihumanist fikirl\u0259r t\u0259dric\u0259n onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcrt\u0259ce t\u0259sirl\u0259r alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. O, Avropa ziyal\u0131lari i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u0130taliya v\u0259 Almaniyada ba\u015f qald\u0131ran fa\u015fizm ideologiyas\u0131n\u0131 simpatiya il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131layan nadir insanlardan biri oldu. Onun fikrinc\u0259, \u201cAvropan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dola\u015fan kommunizm kabusu\u201dndan (K.Marks) xilas olma\u011f\u0131n yegan\u0259 yolu nasizm\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k verm\u0259k idi. K.Hamsunun fa\u015fizm\u0259 bu c\u00fcr yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259nclik ill\u0259rind\u0259n Nits\u015fe f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u011flanmas\u0131 v\u0259 onun f\u00f6vq\u0259l-insan ideyas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259si dururdu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Skandinaviyal\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Nobel m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxu kimi K.Hamsun da Avropa v\u0259 d\u00fcnyada \u015fan-\u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Almaniya \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin\u0259 v\u0259 alman dilin\u0259 borclu bilirdi. Onun maddi g\u0259liri \u0259sas\u0259n kitablar\u0131n\u0131n Almaniyadak\u0131 n\u0259\u015frl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na\u00a0 ba\u015fa g\u0259lirdi, haqq\u0131nda ilk kitab\u0131 da 1910-cu ild\u0259 alman \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131 Karl Morburger \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, K.Hamsun Almaniyan\u0131n \u0259sas geosiyasi r\u0259qibl\u0259ri say\u0131lan \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259ni, Amerikan\u0131 (\u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 anqlo-sakslar\u0131), el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 kommunizmin t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fc kimi q\u0259bul etdiyi Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131 sevmirdi. V\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu amill\u0259r onu Almaniyaya aid h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fma\u011fa s\u00f6vq edirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131 da o birm\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq Almaniyan\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fini saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktublar\u0131n birind\u0259 o, m\u00f6vqeyini bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 edirdi: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n m\u0259n Almaniyaya dost kimi yana\u015fm\u0131\u015fam, \u00e7\u00fcnki m\u0259n germanam.\u201d M\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 almanlar Norve\u00e7\u0131 tutark\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn ziyal\u0131lar bu hadis\u0259ni i\u015f\u011fal kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259nd\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 K.Hamsun \u0259ks m\u00f6vqed\u0259 dayanaraq bunu b\u00f6y\u00fck Almaniyan\u0131n balaca Norve\u00e7\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k \u0259li \u00fczatmas\u0131 kimi m\u0259naland\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin fa\u015fistp\u0259r\u0259st h\u00f6kum\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q edirdi. (H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd ki, sonra bu hakimiyy\u0259tin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Kvislinqin cinay\u0259tl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u0259r\u0259k ondan \u00fcz d\u00f6nd\u0259rdi.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Norve\u00e7in \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck german d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si\u201d ideyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n K.Hamsunun n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259 Almaniya ideal m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t \u00f6lk\u0259si idi. 30-cu ill\u0259rin son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ictimai-siyasi \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 o, faci\u0259vi yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011fa uymu\u015f v\u0259 fa\u015fistl\u0259rin q\u0259rb\u00e7i, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 kommunist ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fcnyan\u0131 yenid\u0259n patriarxal h\u0259yat m\u00fchitin\u0259 qaytaracaqlar\u0131, bununla da b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259ti xilas ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri ill\u00fcziyas\u0131n\u0131 oz\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259lqin etmi\u015fdi. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n halda fanatizmin faci\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir daha t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n bu fikir onun h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki publisistik yaz\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259nmi\u015fdi. M\u00fcharib\u0259 ill\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 almanlar v\u0259 Norve\u00e7in fa\u015fistrp\u0259r\u0259st rejimi onun bu yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u0259kr v\u0259 m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 etdil\u0259r. 1943-c\u00fc ild\u0259 K.Hamsunu q\u0259bul ed\u0259n A.Hitler onu h\u00f6rm\u0259t-izz\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, lakin yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Norve\u00e7in fa\u015fist diktatoru Kvislinq\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti, \u00f6lk\u0259sinin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vqei f\u00fcrerin xo\u015funa g\u0259lm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu hidd\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015f v\u0259 o \u2013 \u201cbir daha bu \u015f\u0259xsi burada gorm\u0259k ist\u0259mir\u0259m!\u201d \u2013 dey\u0259r\u0259k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q t\u0259rk etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u018fdibin fa\u015fistl\u0259r\u0259 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tli m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u0259mi\u015f add\u0131m, yaxud qocal\u0131q \u0259lam\u0259ti saymaq kobud s\u0259hv olard\u0131. 1945-ci ilin yay\u0131nda fa\u015fistl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edilmi\u015f, 1947-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan Nobel m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z m\u00f6vqeyini bir daha t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259r\u0259k demi\u015fdi: \u201cYazd\u0131qlar\u0131m s\u0259hv deyil, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m zaman da s\u0259hv deyildi. M\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcmd\u0259n naraz\u0131 deyil\u0259m v\u0259 vicdan\u0131m t\u0259mizdir.\u201d M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259bs c\u0259zas\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n qocaman yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 d\u00f6rd ay h\u0259bsxanada saxland\u0131qdan sonra m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 ekpertizas\u0131 onu \u201c\u0259qli deqradasiya\u201d diaqnozu il\u0259 m\u0259hb\u0259sd\u0259n xilas etdi. Bu d\u0259f\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 onu 425 min Norve\u00e7 kronu (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 80 min AB\u015e dollar\u0131) h\u0259cmind\u0259 c\u0259rim\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u0259lil qocalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn psixiatrik pansiona g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259za is\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ona p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f ed\u0259n insanlar\u0131n nifr\u0259tini qazanmas\u0131, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rini t\u0259crid v\u0259 t\u0259nhal\u0131q \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015famas\u0131 oldu. Norve\u00e7 xalq\u0131 \u00f6z b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00fcz d\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Oxucular onun kitablar\u0131n\u0131 yand\u0131r\u0131r, yaxud nifr\u0259t dolu m\u0259ktublarla m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00fcnvan\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara baxmayaraq,m\u0259\u011flub statusu il\u0259 bar\u0131\u015fmaq fikrind\u0259 olmayan qoca Hamsun ona qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f ictimai v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi ittihamlara cavab olaraq pansion palatas\u0131nda (kamerada da dem\u0259k olard\u0131) \u201cOt basm\u0131\u015f c\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarla\u201d adl\u0131 publisistik kitab\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r. Y\u00fcks\u0259k pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131qla i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f bu son \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 tamam qocal\u0131b \u0259ld\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, qulaqlar\u0131 e\u015fitm\u0259y\u0259n, ke\u00e7irdiyi insultdan sonra nitqi d\u0259 pozulmu\u015f, f\u0259q\u0259t z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q \u0259zmini qoruyub saxlam\u0131\u015f K.Hamsun sanki \u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yenid\u0259n t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Do\u011frudan da, bu kitab m\u00fc\u0259llifin h\u00fcquqi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n b\u0259ra\u0259t qazanmas\u0131na \u0259sas verm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na mara\u011f\u0131n yenid\u0259n canlanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Ona da el\u0259 bu laz\u0131m idi. \u201cOt basm\u0131\u015f c\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarla\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 taleyinin ot basm\u0131\u015f c\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi: \u201cNec\u0259 olur-olsun, bu kitab\u0131 Norve\u00e7d\u0259 v\u0259 xaricd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259liy\u0259m. O m\u0259ni xilas ed\u0259c\u0259k.\u201d Amma m\u00fc\u0259llif bu kitabda etiraf, \u00fczrxahl\u0131q, t\u00f6vb\u0259 xarakterli birc\u0259 c\u00fcml\u0259 d\u0259 yazmam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259qamlarda haql\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Kitab\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri xatirin\u0259\u00a0 ona b\u0259zi hiss\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yi t\u0259klif ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, h\u00f6c\u0259t qoca bundan q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 imtina etmi\u015f\u00a0 …v\u0259 1949-cu ild\u0259, 90 illik yubileyi g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rin \u00e7ap\u0131na nail ola bilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 K.Hamsunun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri Rusiyada maraqla qar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r, h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilir, s\u0259xav\u0259tl\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Klassik rus n\u0259srinin L.Tolstoy v\u0259 F.Dostoyevski kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259ndiyini o \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 etiraf edir, Avropa \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidi d\u0259 onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q maneras\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131nda bu t\u0259sirin b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulay\u0131rd\u0131. Rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n K.Hamsunun m\u00fcasiri olmu\u015f A.\u00c7exov, M.Qorki, A.Blok kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 onun \u0259d\u0259bi ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Norve\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259yah\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hz Rusiyan\u0131 se\u00e7m\u0259si d\u0259, t\u0259bii ki, t\u0259sad\u00fcfi olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259min s\u0259yah\u0259t zaman\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 Rusiyan\u0131n paytaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri Peterburq v\u0259 Moskvada x\u00fcsusi t\u0259mt\u0259raqla qar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Ancaq sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ideoloji bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 ad\u0131 \u201cqara siyah\u0131\u201dya sal\u0131naraq SSR\u0130-d\u0259 yasaq eilmi\u015f, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda da onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6hb\u0259t bel\u0259 ged\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ancaq m\u00fcst\u0259qillik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00fcnya m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qapal\u0131 qalm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ox d\u0259y\u0259rli n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck Norve\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Az\u0259rbaycan oxucusuna t\u0259qdim olundu. 2009-cu ild\u0259 \u201cNobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 laureatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d seriyas\u0131ndan K.Hamsunun \u201cSe\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d \u00e7ap edildi. Kitaba Nadir Qocab\u0259ylinin u\u011furlu t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti qazanm\u0131\u015f iki \u0259s\u0259ri \u2013 \u201cAcl\u0131q\u201d v\u0259 \u201cTorpa\u011f\u0131n b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti\u201d romanlar\u0131 daxil edilmi\u015fdir. (Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, h\u0259min \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u0259r ikisi 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ayr\u0131ca kitab \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yenid\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr edilib.) \u201cSe\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7inin \u201cZiddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r burul\u011fan\u0131nda\u201d adl\u0131 geni\u015f v\u0259 maraql\u0131 \u00f6n s\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0259min yaz\u0131da N.Qocab\u0259yli K.Hamsunu bel\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 edir: \u201c…O h\u0259m insan, h\u0259m d\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi ziddiyy\u0259tli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t idi. Lakin Hamsunun b\u0259dii d\u00fchas\u0131 v\u0259 istedad\u0131 oq\u0259d\u0259r q\u00fcdr\u0259tli v\u0259 \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tlidir ki, d\u00fcnya durduqca oxucular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lanacaqd\u0131r. O, yadda\u015flarda daim g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi v\u0259 sevginit\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm ed\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259dib, insan ruhunun d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rini, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259b\u0259di t\u0259zadlar\u0131n\u0131 ustal\u0131qla t\u0259svir ed\u0259n dahi s\u0259n\u0259tkar kimi qalacaqd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u00d6n s\u00f6z\u201d m\u00fc\u0259llifinin Norve\u00e7 klassikinin s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259rk\u0259n diqq\u0259ti ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259si t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n xarakteri d\u0259, h\u0259yat\u0131 da, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzi d\u0259 ba\u015fdan-ba\u015fa ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 doludur. V\u0259 \u0259n maraql\u0131s\u0131 budur ki, onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259zadl\u0131 m\u0259qamlar yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdikd\u0259n sonra da davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, 1859-cu ild\u0259 do\u011fulsa da, \u00f6z\u00fc h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya 1860-c\u0131 ild\u0259 g\u0259ldiyini yaz\u0131r, yubileyl\u0259rini d\u0259 bu tarix\u0259 uy\u011fun qeyd edirdi;<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201318 ya\u015f\u0131nda ilk \u0259s\u0259rini \u00f6z familiyas\u0131 il\u0259 yox, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 xutorun ad\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcsl\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdi. Amma xutorun ad\u0131 Hamsunq idi. Adic\u0259 bir m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 x\u0259tas\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n s\u00f6z\u00fcn sonundak\u0131 \u201cq\u201d h\u0259rfi d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 is\u0259 bunu taleyin ni\u015fan\u0259si kimi q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259min yanl\u0131\u015f variantda saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa nifr\u0259t edir v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f kimi tarixd\u0259 \u0259n amans\u0131z zorak\u0131l\u0131qlara imza atm\u0131\u015f fa\u015fistl\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259tini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yirdi;<\/p>\n

\u2013 Humanizm ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259mzi olan Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n medal\u0131n\u0131 \u0259n anti-humanist siyasi rejimin ba\u015f ideoloqu G\u00f6bbels\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u2013 \u201csiz bu medala layiq olan yegan\u0259 \u015f\u0259xssiniz\u201d \u2013 demi\u015fdi;<\/p>\n

\u2013 Norve\u00e7in fa\u015fistp\u0259r\u0259st h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 qalx\u0131r v\u0259 onun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Kvislinqin hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan h\u0259r \u015feyi edirdi;<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 \u0130ctimai m\u00f6vqeyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 fa\u015fizmi t\u0259qdir ets\u0259 d\u0259, publisistikadan ba\u015fqa , b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 onun lehin\u0259 bir c\u00fcml\u0259 bel\u0259 yazmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 H\u0259tta fa\u015fizmin iflas\u0131ndan sonra da b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n onu l\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u00f6z m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259n imtina etm\u0259mi\u015f, Hitlerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 nekroloq yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u2013 Fa\u015fizm\u0259 meyll\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 qat\u0131 fa\u015fistp\u0259r\u0259st olan arvad\u0131 Mariyan\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259siri olsa da, onun h\u0259tta\u00a0 \u015fahid kimi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, ad\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 halland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol verm\u0259mi\u015f, bununla bel\u0259, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r onunla k\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fc qalm\u0131\u015f, pansiondan \u00f6z malikan\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00f6nd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra bel\u0259 onun ev\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verm\u0259mi\u015fdi;<\/p>\n

\u2013Ah\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r c\u0259zaya m\u0259ruz qalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 bils\u0259 d\u0259, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesinin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini o \u00f6z\u00fc israrla t\u0259l\u0259b ermi\u015fdi. (B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, tarix qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0259ra\u0259t qazanmaq \u00fcmidi h\u0259l\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259yibmi\u015f…);<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bir insan kimi n\u00fcfuzu, bir yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi \u015fan-\u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti artd\u0131qca daha \u00e7ox b\u0259dbinlik v\u0259 \u00fcmidsizlik duy\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sirin\u0259 \u00e7evrilirdi;<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 Norve\u00e7in ictimai r\u0259yi onu dahi yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 saymaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r, bu g\u00fcn\u0259c\u0259n d\u0259 \u201ckollaborsionist\u201d (d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 ke\u00e7ib \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fan) adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K.Hamsunu bir insan kimi s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndir\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, o h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc demi\u015f, he\u00e7 zaman yalan dan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n v\u0259 yolundan d\u00f6nm\u0259mi\u015f, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu \u0259qid\u0259sinin, m\u0259sl\u0259kinin ziddin\u0259 bir add\u0131m bel\u0259 atmam\u0131sd\u0131. Raz\u0131la\u015faq ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 el\u0259 bunun \u00f6z\u00fc h\u0259r adam\u0131n bacarmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir h\u00fcn\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u0259hh\u0259tinin a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 1950-ci ilin yay\u0131nda \u0259lil qocalar pansionundan ev\u0259 burax\u0131lan K.Hamsun Nerholm malikan\u0259sind\u0259 il yar\u0131m ya\u015fad\u0131qdan sonra 1952-ci il fevral\u0131n 19-da 93 ya\u015f\u0131nda v\u0259fat etdi. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Norve\u00e7 c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fchar\u0131b\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n qeyzli nifr\u0259t hissini bir q\u0259d\u0259r yum\u015faltd\u0131. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, onun i\u015f\u011fal d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin o vaxtacan nam\u0259lum qalan b\u0259zi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 a\u015fkara \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259lum oldu ki, K.Hamsun i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259t dair\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n yararlanaraq bir \u00e7ox m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t xadiml\u0259rini repressiyalardan xilas edibmi\u015f. Bu kimi faktlar v\u0259 \u00f6t\u0259n ill\u0259r, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259hvl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259ra\u0259t qazand\u0131rm\u0131r, amma… H\u0259r halda, zamanbu g\u00f6rk\u0259mli s\u0259n\u0259tkar\u0131n \u0259d\u0259biyyat qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 yerinin obyektiv qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b ediridi. Onun rolu, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tlidir, lakin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259d\u0259bi d\u0259y\u0259ri d\u0259 dan\u0131lmaz h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n iki il sonra \u2013 1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 K.Hamsunun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin 15 cildlik k\u00fclliyyat\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr edildi. Bu hadis\u0259 bir v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f kimi olmasa da, bir yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi onun b\u0259ra\u0259t almas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 yenid\u0259n h\u0259yata qay\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 qoydu. B\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u0259d\u0259bi irsin\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcd v\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf dolu oxucu sevgisi v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. Bundan sonra yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya oxucusuna \u201cqay\u0131tma\u201d prosesi ba\u015fland\u0131, ild\u0259n-il\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndi, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri,dem\u0259k olar, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259d\u0259ni xalqlar\u0131n dill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edildi, k\u00fctl\u0259vi tirajlarla n\u0259\u015fr olundu v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifin\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri kimi d\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti qazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

Knut\u00a0 HAMSUN<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259qdimat m\u0259rasimind\u0259ki nitqi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n bu s\u0259mimi, l\u00fctfkar m\u00fcnasib\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259 il\u0259 cavab ver\u0259c\u0259yimi bilmir\u0259m. \u00d6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6y\u00fcn yeddinci qat\u0131nda hiss edir\u0259m,ayaqlar\u0131m yerd\u0259n \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcb, sanki buludlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc il\u0259 u\u00e7uram, salon ba\u015f\u0131ma f\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u0259nim indiki yerimd\u0259 olmaq asan i\u015f deyil. Stokholmda m\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck x\u0259tir-h\u00f6rm\u0259t qoydular ki, bundan sonras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k bel\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tindir. Sizin qar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda sad\u0259c\u0259 nec\u0259 varamsa, el\u0259 d\u0259 dayanm\u0131\u015fam. Lakin \u00f6lk\u0259m\u0259 qoyulan h\u00f6rm\u0259t, veril\u0259n qiym\u0259t q\u0259lbimi q\u00fcrur v\u0259 iftixar hissi il\u0259 doldurur. B\u0259li, m\u0259n bu \u00f6lk\u0259ni, bu torpa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ox sevir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Xo\u015fb\u0259xtlikd\u0259n, g\u0259ncliyin b\u0259xt\u0259v\u0259r ill\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7irdiyim buna b\u0259nz\u0259r \u201cba\u015fgic\u0259ll\u0259nm\u0259\u201d hallar\u0131 indi, bu qoca vaxt\u0131mda k\u00f6m\u0259yim\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r. Cavanl\u0131qda bu c\u00fcr hallar kimin ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259yib? H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd ki, h\u0259yatda insanlardan uzaq g\u0259zm\u0259yi xo\u015flayan anadang\u0259lm\u0259 qocalar da var. M\u0259nc\u0259, g\u0259nc insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qoca kimi c\u0259sar\u0259tsiz v\u0259 ehtiyatl\u0131 davranmaqdan pis bir \u015fey ola bilm\u0259z. H\u0259yat\u0131m boyu torpa\u011f\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131m altdan qa\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ox m\u0259qamlarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f\u0259m, ancaq, \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr ki, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ayaq \u00fcst\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m dayana bilir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

Buraya topla\u015fm\u0131\u015f say-se\u00e7m\u0259 insanlar\u0131 m\u00fcdrikan\u0259 s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 yormaq ist\u0259mir\u0259m, x\u00fcsus\u0259n ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, m\u0259nd\u0259n sonra b\u00f6y\u00fck elm adamlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn m\u0259nim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu g\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck yaradan\u0131n m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259ti minl\u0259rl\u0259 adam i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259 n\u0259sibolmu\u015f, o m\u0259ni \u00f6z l\u00fctf\u00fcn\u0259 layiq bilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259n \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259m ad\u0131ndan \u0130sve\u00e7 Akademiyas\u0131 qar\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015f \u0259ym\u0259k, minn\u0259tdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bildirm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m. Onlar\u0131n\u00a0 m\u0259ni bu b\u00f6y\u00fck etimada layiq bildikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u00fcrur hissi ke\u00e7irir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

M\u00fckafata layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u0259s\u0259rim bar\u0259d\u0259 yaln\u0131z bunu dey\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m ki, onu yaz\u0131b \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bacard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, \u0259limd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni etmi\u015f\u0259m. Ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 n\u0259… Ham\u0131dan \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f\u0259m. Ham\u0131dan \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n kim var ki?! \u0130sve\u00e7 poeziyas\u0131ndan, x\u00fcsus\u0259n m\u00fcasir \u015fairl\u0259rd\u0259n cox \u015fey \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f\u0259m. \u0130ndi \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259rinliyin\u0259 var\u0131b kiml\u0259rd\u0259n n\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc bir-bir sadalamal\u0131 olsam, ham\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnvan\u0131na minn\u0259tdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7atd\u0131rma\u011fa m\u0259clisimizin vaxt\u0131 \u00e7atmaz. Ur\u0259yimd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131, y\u0259qin ki, he\u00e7 bacarmaram da, ya\u015f da daha o ya\u015f deyil, g\u00fcc\u00fcm d\u0259 t\u00fck\u0259nir…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu parlaq m\u0259clisd\u0259, bu gur i\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131n par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda topla\u015fanlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131na t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcrl\u0259rimi bildirm\u0259k, h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 g\u00fcl-\u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k d\u0259st\u0259si, ya g\u0259ncliyimin co\u015fqun ill\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, bir b\u0259nd seir t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim. Ancaq, y\u0259qin ki, buna c\u0259sar\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m, qoca vaxt\u0131mda \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcl\u00fcnc v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 salmaq ist\u0259mir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u0259qiq\u0259t budur ki, bu g\u00fcn Stokholmda m\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fan-\u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 var-d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fam. Art\u0131q h\u0259r \u015feyim var, birc\u0259 \u015feyim \u00e7atm\u0131r \u2013 g\u0259ncliyim yoxdur. Biz ham\u0131m\u0131z n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qocalsaq da, g\u0259ncliyimizd\u0259n ayr\u0131la bilmirik. Amma k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0259kilib g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 yol verm\u0259liyik v\u0259 bunu l\u0259yaq\u0259tl\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilmir\u0259m, qaydalara g\u00f6r\u0259 indi n\u0259 etm\u0259liy\u0259m, ancaq \u00fcr\u0259yimin d\u0259rinliyind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n bir duy\u011fu il\u0259 bu bad\u0259ni \u0130sve\u00e7 g\u0259ncl\u0259rinin \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259, d\u00fcnyada g\u0259nc n\u0259 varsa, ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 qald\u0131rmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

K.Hamsunun aforizml\u0259rind\u0259n se\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n

— H\u0259yatdak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sev\u0131nc v\u0259 k\u0259d\u0259rin m\u0259nb\u0259yi insan\u0131n \u00f6z q\u0259lbind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t q\u0259lbimizi r\u0259qs\u0259 s\u00f6vq ed\u0259n musiqidir.<\/p>\n

— Ya\u015famaq e\u015fqi el\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir nem\u0259tdir ki, onun m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn iztirablar\u0131 x\u0131rda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t insana h\u0259yat verdiyi kimi, onu m\u0259hv d\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

— Bu xan\u0131m i\u015fv\u0259karl\u0131q etm\u0259yi bacarm\u0131r, cazib\u0259darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da el\u0259 bundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— \u0130lk m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tin insan q\u0259lbin\u0259 vurdu\u011fu m\u00f6h\u00fcr onun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r silinmir.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan\u0131n layiq olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sevgi d\u0259 ona layiq oldu\u011fu sevgi q\u0259d\u0259r xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259r bir insan b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259r aras\u0131nda birinci olma\u015fa can at\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t insan q\u0259lbini g\u00fcl-\u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kli ba\u011fa, nifr\u0259t is\u0259 \u00fcfun\u0259tli zibilliy\u0259 \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan z\u0259kas\u0131 i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 z\u00fclm\u0259td\u0259n ay\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n anda onun q\u0259lbind\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t duy\u011fusu oyan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— \u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 sevdiyin qad\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fctfkar bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyada he\u00e7 n\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etm\u0259k olmaz.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t miskin dil\u0259n\u00e7iy\u0259 h\u0259dsiz q\u00fcrur ver\u0259, t\u0259kk\u0259bb\u00fcrl\u00fc kral\u0131 s\u0259cd\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n yol k\u0259nar\u0131nda oturub \u00f6z taleyini g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259nha yol\u00e7u kimiy\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— Sev\u0259n qad\u0131n \u00f6z sevgisind\u0259n q\u00fcrur duyanda g\u00fccl\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n

— Z\u0259kal\u0131 yoxsul z\u0259kali varl\u0131dan daha a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n h\u0259tta \u00f6z miskinlik v\u0259 c\u0131l\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u0259l s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim.<\/p>\n

— \u018fg\u0259r inam\u0131nda q\u0259tis\u0259ns\u0259, n\u0259y\u0259 inanma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 f\u0259rqi yoxdur.<\/p>\n

— \u00dcmid edir\u0259m ki, bu g\u00fcn s\u0259h\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259diyim adam\u0131 unuda bil\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259nc\u0259, h\u0259tta a\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olan insan\u0131n da \u00fcr\u0259yi h\u0259ssas olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— O xan\u0131m m\u0259ni \u00e7ox t\u0259rbiy\u0259li bir adam say\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, m\u0259ni hidd\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi v\u0259 m\u0259n yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131b s\u0131rt\u0131qcas\u0131na onu \u00f6pd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259yatake\u00e7m\u0259z arzularla ya\u015famaq \u0259sl xo\u015fb\u0259xtlikdir.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259yatda he\u00e7 n\u0259 axtarmadan ya\u015famaq n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r miskin v\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Boy\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin sakinl\u0259rinin balaca k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259ki h\u0259yat\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259llik v\u0259 \u0259z\u0259m\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259ri bel\u0259 yoxdur.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259yat insana m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti istifad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn verilib.<\/p>\n

— \u018fsl insan u\u011fur qazananda i\u015fg\u00fczar, u\u011fursuzluqla \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 inadkar olma\u011f\u0131 bacarmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— \u0130lk m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t Ulu Yaradan \u201cOl!\u201d \u0259mrini ver\u0259n anda do\u011fulub.<\/p>\n

— Ulu Yaradan yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 birini yenid\u0259n yoxlu\u011fa \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259yib.<\/p>\n

— He\u00e7 n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259zab \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z, onsuz da y\u00fcz ild\u0259n sonra ham\u0131s\u0131 unudulacaq.<\/p>\n

— S\u0259h\u0259r g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7anda birinci onu fikirl\u0259\u015fir\u0259m ki, bu g\u00fcn n\u0259y\u0259 sevinim.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dik tutub g\u0259zm\u0259y\u0259 utan\u0131ram, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sal\u0131b otlara v\u0259 qum d\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxma\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn tutram.<\/p>\n

— Yoxsul adam\u0131n \u00f6z vicdan\u0131 il\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131qda ya\u015famas\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tin olur.<\/p>\n

— B\u0259z\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, Allah bir an bel\u0259 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0259km\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259brl\u0259 m\u0259nim t\u0259dric\u0259n, yava\u015f-yava\u015f nec\u0259 m\u0259hv olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131 izl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

— Orta \u0259srl\u0259r Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n vicdan bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131n yeri yoxdur, vicdan\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u015eekspir icad edib.<\/p>\n

— Xan\u0131m, siz susanda m\u0259n sizi daha \u00e7ox sevir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— G\u00f6z\u0259lliyi paltarda g\u00f6rm\u0259k onu t\u0259hqir etm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan\u0131 xo\u015fb\u0259xtliy\u0259 aparan yolu \u0259slind\u0259 he\u00e7 k\u0259s bilmir.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan h\u0259tta Allaha inam\u0131n\u0131 itirs\u0259 bel\u0259, m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259t\u0259 inam\u0131n\u0131 itirm\u0259m\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

— \u0130lham\u0131n n\u0259 vaxt g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini he\u00e7 k\u0259s bilmir, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259lini \u0259linin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 qoyub onu g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259k sad\u0259l\u00f6vhl\u00fckd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259td\u0259 ir\u0259li ged\u0259 bilmirs\u0259ns\u0259, dem\u0259li, geri gedirs\u0259n.<\/p>\n

— S\u0259man\u0131n \u0259nginliyin\u0259 baxd\u0131qca, sanki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u0259rinliyini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u0259n.<\/p>\n

— B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0259rdl\u0259ri sa\u011faldan zaman\u0131n \u0259sas d\u0259rman\u0131 yuxu v\u0259 qidad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Qad\u0131nlar xo\u015fb\u0259xt ki\u015fil\u0259ri sevmirl\u0259r, onlar b\u0259db\u0259xt ki\u015fi axtar\u0131rlar ki, ona xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik b\u0259x\u015f ed\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

— Sa\u011f olun ki, m\u0259n\u0259 sizi g\u00f6rm\u0259k xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyi n\u0259sib oldu.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259kar yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar kimi h\u0259r g\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r yaza bilmir\u0259m, m\u0259n t\u0259bin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi an\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259hkumam.<\/p>\n

— Bird\u0259n t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n yad\u0131n\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fs\u0259m, bilin ki, m\u0259n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 sizi sevir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— Do\u011fulan g\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131n yegan\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131 sizi sevm\u0259k olub.<\/p>\n

— Yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131q \u00e7ox zaman tamam unudulur, ymanl\u0131qdansa h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 n\u0259 is\u0259 bir ni\u015fan\u0259 qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— B\u0259z\u0259n \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r ke\u00e7\u0259n h\u0259yatda bel\u0259, insan\u0131n q\u0259lbi s\u0259b\u0259bi bilinm\u0259y\u0259n bir f\u0259r\u0259hl\u0259 dolu olur.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 n\u0259y\u0259 inanmaqda deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 nec\u0259 inanmaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— He\u00e7 yerd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc me\u015f\u0259d\u0259ki q\u0259d\u0259r azad v\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st hiss etmir\u0259m. \u0130mkan\u0131m olsayd\u0131, el\u0259 me\u015f\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259yatda insana t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259n bir yol yoxdur.<\/p>\n

— B\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fair olma\u011f\u0131n bir \u015f\u0259rti d\u0259 q\u0259lbind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259ri dem\u0259kd\u0259n utanmamaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Tolstoy insan q\u0259lbind\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00fcnyada sevinci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcb yerini sevgi il\u0259 doldurmaq ist\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

— Dahi \u015f\u0259xs ail\u0259sinin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259slinin \u2013 babas\u0131n\u0131n, atas\u0131n\u0131n, o\u011flunun, n\u0259v\u0259sinin, n\u0259tic\u0259sinin istedad pay\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259bt ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 toplay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n he\u00e7 zaman he\u00e7 kim\u0259 s\u00f6z verm\u0259mi\u015f\u0259m ki, ba\u015fqalar\u0131ndan daha vicdanla ya\u015fayaca\u011fam.<\/p>\n

— Ulduzlara baxanda i\u015f\u0131q \u015f\u00fcas\u0131 m\u0259nim x\u0259yal\u0131m\u0131 onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na apar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— O, \u00f6z zarafatlar\u0131na\u00a0 q\u0259hq\u0259h\u0259 il\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yox, psixikas\u0131nda problem yox idi, sad\u0259c\u0259, zarafatlar\u0131 ona h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n g\u00fclm\u0259li g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsanlar, heyvanlar, qu\u015flar, a\u011faclar, m\u0259n\u0259 qulaq as\u0131n! Me\u015f\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7irdiyim t\u0259nha gec\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ham\u0131n\u0131za t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr edir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— Ad\u0259t\u0259n biz\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259 veril\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir \u015fey sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan daha baha ba\u015fa g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

— Sevdiyim qad\u0131n m\u0259nd\u0259n q\u0259lbimi ist\u0259di v\u0259 m\u0259n q\u00fcss\u0259l\u0259ndim ki, h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131 ist\u0259mir.<\/p>\n

— Ba\u015fqalar\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259 bir xo\u015f bax\u0131\u015f\u0131 q\u0131ymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, s\u0259n m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tini q\u0131yd\u0131n.<\/p>\n

— Yaz g\u0259lmi\u015fdi, damarlar\u0131mda qan\u0131m el\u0259 co\u015fmu\u015fdu, sanki, tunelin i\u00e7i il\u0259 qatar gedirdi.<\/p>\n

— Ke\u015fi\u015f t\u00f6vb\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaln\u0131z saat 12-y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0259bul edir. Bundan sonra m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259t vaxt\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7at\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— El\u0259 adamlar var ki, h\u0259yat yolunda birc\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 y\u0131x\u0131lmaqla daha aya\u011fa qalxa bilmir, amma el\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 var ki, he\u00e7 n\u0259 olmay\u0131bm\u0131\u015f kimi aya\u011fa qalx\u0131r, \u00fcst-ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tozunu \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131b yoluna davam edir.<\/p>\n

— Son n\u0259f\u0259sim\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Allaha yalvaraca\u011fam ki, m\u0259n\u0259 m\u00fcdriklik verm\u0259sin.<\/p>\n

— \u018fd\u0259biyyatda \u0259sl z\u00f6vq sahibi olmaq dahi yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259yi bacarmaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Dil\u0259n\u00e7il\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rini pula bigan\u0259 kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r, \u0259sl dil\u0259n\u00e7ilik d\u0259 el\u0259 budur.<\/p>\n

— U\u015faq b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fckc\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259ri azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t m\u0259r\u0259zind\u0259n xilas olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Son qism\u0259tin \u00e7arm\u0131xa \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259k olacaqsa, insanlar\u0131 inand\u0131ra bilm\u0259yinin n\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131 var?!<\/p>\n

— B\u0259db\u0259xtlik o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 qorxulu deyil, bir g\u00fcn ke\u00e7ib gedir v\u0259 unudulur. \u018fn qorxulu \u015fey xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— B\u0259db\u0259xtlik b\u0259zil\u0259rini s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r, diz \u00fcst\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcr\u00fcr, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 s\u0131nmadan, \u0259yilm\u0259d\u0259n q\u00fcrurla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 do\u011fru gedir.<\/p>\n

— \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, h\u0259r \u015fey kimi b\u0259db\u0259xtlik d\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcb ke\u00e7ir, ancaq qurbanlar\u0131 da az olmur.<\/p>\n

— Ehtiyac insan\u0131 f\u0259ras\u0259tli olma\u011fa \u00f6yr\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

— Q\u0259rib\u0259dir, c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u0259rsiz hamil\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131nay\u0131r, u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n \u015f\u0259r\u0259fsiz atas\u0131n\u0131 yox.<\/p>\n

— Sevgi a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 adam\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259\u015fdirir, k\u00fctbeyini a\u011f\u0131lland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Qad\u0131na t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259 yox, bax\u0131\u015fla da toxunmaq olar.<\/p>\n

— On ildir ki, s\u0259ni bir an bel\u0259 unuda bilmir\u0259m \u2013 bu, s\u0259nin h\u00fcn\u0259rin yox, m\u0259nim b\u0259db\u0259xtliyimdir.<\/p>\n

— Sev\u0259n can\u0131n\u0131 da q\u0131yar, sevm\u0259y\u0259n bir xo\u015f bax\u0131\u015f\u0131 bel\u0259 q\u0131ymaz.<\/p>\n

— Komediyan\u0131n \u00f6lm\u0259zliyi ondad\u0131r ki, oradak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259yatda h\u0259r g\u00fcn t\u0259krarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— S\u0259h\u0259r-s\u0259h\u0259r yola \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rsan v\u0259 sevdiyin adamla rastla\u015fma\u011fa \u00fcmid edirs\u0259n, lakin rastla\u015fm\u0131rsan, \u015f\u00fcnki bu g\u00fcn o, ba\u015fqa yolla gedib.<\/p>\n

— Ham\u0131 sakitc\u0259 x\u0259yala dal\u0131b q\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u0259lm\u0259sini g\u00f6zl\u0259yir, h\u0259tta g\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259ki par\u0131lt\u0131 bel\u0259 s\u00f6n\u00fcb.<\/p>\n

— B\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259hdl\u0259rinin m\u0259nas\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlamaq o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 xo\u015f hiss dey\u0131l. Amma sonda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn lab\u00fcd oldu\u011fu \u00f6m\u00fcrd\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 yaln\u0131z bundan ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

— T\u0259xir\u0259 salmaq imtina etm\u0259k deyil.<\/p>\n

— Xo\u015f g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 inam insan\u0131n sad\u0259l\u00f6vhl\u00fcy\u00fc yox, axmaql\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Ah\u0131l ya\u015flar\u0131nda insan h\u0259yata yaln\u0131z m\u0259nal\u0131 ke\u00e7diyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 minn\u0259tdar ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

— Sosializm insanlar\u0131 b\u0259rab\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 r\u0259zil olma\u011fa s\u0259sl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

— Xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyin n\u0259 oldu\u011funu unutmu\u015f insanlar aras\u0131nda xo\u015fb\u0259xtliy\u0259 can ataraq ya\u015famaq \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir.<\/p>\n

— Qocal\u0131\u011fn insana guya m\u00fcdriklik g\u0259tirm\u0259si bo\u015f s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. Qocal\u0131q taq\u0259tsizlikd\u0259n ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 n\u0259 g\u0259tirmir.<\/p>\n

— Xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyin \u0259n vacib \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmaq \u00e7ox asand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

— Otaq o q\u0259d\u0259r dar\u0131sqal idi ki, p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259si olmasayd\u0131, eyn\u0259n tabuta b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan inc\u0259lib iyn\u0259nin g\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259 d\u0259 c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

— K\u00fctl\u0259 \u00f6z \u00fczvl\u0259rinin xeyiri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u00fcr, \u0259xlaqi, etik hissl\u0259r k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 yadd\u0131r. K\u00fctl\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yegan\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259t da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q\u00a0 instinktidir ki, o co\u015fan zaman k\u00fctl\u0259 he\u00e7 \u00f6z liderin\u0259 d\u0259 tabe olmur.<\/p>\n

— Polad q\u0131l\u0131nc insan\u0131 sevgilisinin \u201cyox\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r yaralaya bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n

— M\u0259n insan\u0131 \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rinin ictimai d\u0259y\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 yox, duy\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259mizliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

— Qas\u0131r\u011fa yatandan sonra g\u0259mid\u0259kil\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259ldil\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu tufan zaman\u0131 Allaha yalvarmalar\u0131ndan utanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsanlar yax\u015f\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259ri b\u0259xtin, pis hadis\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 taleyin ad\u0131na ba\u011flay\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

— Ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr\u0259m ki, niy\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 m\u0259nim kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcrl\u0259r, m\u0259g\u0259r m\u0259n h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259 haqs\u0131zam?<\/p>\n

— G\u00fczg\u00fcd\u0259ki \u0259ksind\u0259n ba\u015fqa, he\u00e7 kim ona heyranl\u0131qla baxm\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

— H\u0259yat\u0131n sevincl\u0259rind\u0259n doymu\u015f, l\u0259zz\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n usanm\u0131\u015f qocan\u0131n h\u0259yat enerjisi a\u015f\u0131b-da\u015fan g\u0259nc\u0259 d\u00fcnya nem\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n imtina etm\u0259yin faydas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t verm\u0259si, h\u0259tta m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s kitabdan sitatlar g\u0259tirm\u0259si m\u0259n\u0259 iyr\u0259nc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

— \u0130nsan h\u0259yat\u0131nda u\u011fursuzluqlar he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 m\u0259nfi rol oynam\u0131r. Olur ki, u\u011fursuzluq \u0259bl\u0259hin birini \u0259sl ki\u015fiy\u0259 \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n

— C\u0259miyy\u0259t qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259r yarad\u0131rlar, amma onlar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f qaydalar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u00fc bel\u0259 yoxdur.<\/p>\n

— O, t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259f etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rd\u0259n cibind\u0259ki mis pullar\u0131 cingild\u0259dirdi.<\/p>\n

— Pay\u0131z art\u0131q g\u0259lib, ancaq yarpaqlar\u0131n, h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlar\u0131n timsal\u0131nda h\u0259yat h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

— B\u00fct\u00fcn gec\u0259ni g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 Allaha yalvar\u0131b ilham\u0131 k\u00f6m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131m, s\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00f6z\u00fcm qap\u0131da qald\u0131 ki, g\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n, g\u0259l\u0259n varm\u0131?<\/p>\n

— Sa\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011far\u0131r, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, s\u0259n m\u0259nd\u0259n ba\u015fqa daha kimins\u0259 haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u0259n.<\/p>\n

— Dil\u0259n\u00e7i g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 olma\u011f\u0131ma baxmayaraq, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 vicdanl\u0131yam \u2013 ilahi, g\u00f6r, n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fcl\u00fcnc\u0259m!<\/p>\n

— \u00d6z\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259skinlik verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131\u00a0 xo\u015fb\u0259xt adamlarda bir eyib axtar\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

— Bu da s\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7aypulu,..\u00a0 get \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 imar\u0259t al.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0AYB<\/strong>.az<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 991 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cUlduz\u201d jurnal\u0131 il\u0259 ayb.az sayt\u0131n\u0131n birg\u0259 layih\u0259si \u0130lham Abbasovun t\u0259qdimat\u0131nda G\u00f6z\u0259l t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t n\u0259\u011fm\u0259kar\u0131, inc\u0259 ruhlu psixoloq, insan\u0131n q\u0259lb ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 t\u0259zadl\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kamil bilicis\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259rsiz ifad\u0259\u00e7isi, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 oxucu n\u0259slinin duy\u011fu v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 hakim k\u0259silmi\u015f, \u0259d\u0259bi z\u00f6vq\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259rbiy\u0259 etmi\u015f ustad yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00e7oxunun yaz\u0131lmas\u0131ndan y\u00fcz ild\u0259n art\u0131q vaxt \u00f6ts\u0259 d\u0259, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7927,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7926\/revisions\/7927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}