{"id":8438,"date":"2015-02-24T17:17:34","date_gmt":"2015-02-24T13:17:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=8438"},"modified":"2015-02-24T17:17:34","modified_gmt":"2015-02-24T13:17:34","slug":"elizabet-markstayn-t%c9%99rcum%c9%99nin-postmodernist-konsepsiyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=8438","title":{"rendered":"Elizabet MARK\u015eTAYN &#8212; T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin postmodernist konsepsiyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8439\" style=\"width: 186px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/elizabet-markshatayn_548aca443ed63.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8439\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8439 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/elizabet-markshatayn_548aca443ed63-176x300.jpg\" alt=\"Vyana Universitetinin professoru\" width=\"176\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8439\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vyana Universitetinin professoru<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Postmodernizm bug\u00fcn\u00fcn, d\u00fcn\u0259nin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si deyil. Bu c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u0259rin\u0259 Fransua Rablenin, yaxud \u0130eronim Bosxun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, Fridrix Helgerlinin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 rast g\u0259lirik. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, m\u0259nim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131mda postmodernizm \u015earl Bodler v\u0259 Pol Sezann\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 modernizm adlanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn davam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 zaman\u0131 yana\u015fma orijinal\u0131n m\u0259tnil\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir. Amma y\u0259qin, h\u0259tta, postmodernizmliyi m\u00fctl\u0259q olmayan el\u0259 m\u0259tnl\u0259r var ki, h\u0259min m\u0259tnl\u0259ri postmodernizm konsepsiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k olard\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n<p>B\u0259s bu c\u00fcr t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rtiliyi n\u0259d\u0259dir? Onillikl\u0259rl\u0259 bel\u0259 g\u00fcman olunurdu ki, guya t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 \u201corijinal \u0259s\u0259r\u201d kimi oxunmal\u0131d\u0131r, yaxud daha ehtiyatla des\u0259k, \u201crealist t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u201d adlanan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir orta h\u0259dd\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ehkam t\u0259kc\u0259 b\u0259dii t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (burada s\u00f6hb\u0259t m\u0259hz ondan gedir) \u015famil edilmirdi, bir \u00e7ox t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin \u00f6zl\u0259ri d\u0259 bel\u0259 hesab edirdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Boris Pasternak Vilyam \u015eekspirin \u201cHamlet\u201d \u0259s\u0259rini \u00e7evir\u0259nd\u0259n sonra oxucular\u0131ndan xahi\u015f edirdi ki, onun t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sini \u201corijinal rus dram \u0259s\u0259ri\u201d kimi oxusunlar. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sidir ki, \u201cHamlet\u201di d\u0259, \u201cFaust\u201du da mahiyy\u0259tc\u0259 Pasternak\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri saymaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bunun ard\u0131nca t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin \u201ct\u0259biiliyi\u201d prinsipi g\u0259lir. Yen\u0259 d\u0259 Pasternak yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cT\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin orijinall\u0131\u011f\u0131na dilin canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259biiliyi il\u0259 nail olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d. Ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259l\u0259b \u2013 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 olunmu\u015f \u0259s\u0259rin orijinal s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 olmas\u0131 is\u0259 \u00e7ox inc\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Amma orijinal\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi ba\u015fqa dild\u0259 yaratmaq olduqca \u015f\u0259rti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir, bunu he\u00e7 c\u00fcr ciddi q\u0259bul etm\u0259k olmaz. T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin, m\u0259tnin \u0259slin\u0259 ox\u015famas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259k olar. M\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, bu tezis\u0259 etiraz etm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z. Sad\u0259c\u0259 ikinci, m\u0259nim antitezis adland\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m m\u00fclahiz\u0259ni ona qar\u015f\u0131 qoymaq olar, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, m\u0259n sintez\u0259 (\u201cq\u0131z\u0131l ortaya\u201d) can atm\u0131ram.<\/p>\n<p>Amma h\u0259rfi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 dedikd\u0259 biz q\u0259fild\u0259n (amma bunu g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259k olard\u0131) lap Siserondan da \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrd\u0259n b\u0259ri davam ed\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259yl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcbahis\u0259y\u0259 \u2013 h\u0259rfi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259y\u0259, \u201cverbum pro verbo\u201d is\u0259 \u201csensus pro senso\u201da qar\u015f\u0131 \u2013 qo\u015fuluruq.<\/p>\n<p>Bu k\u00f6hn\u0259, h\u0259ll edilm\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 h\u0259ll edilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcbahis\u0259dir, \u00e7\u00fcnki s\u00f6hb\u0259t canl\u0131 dild\u0259n v\u0259 canl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259n gedir. Amma m\u0259n\u0259 bel\u0259 g\u0259lir, h\u0259min m\u00fcbahis\u0259d\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131zla, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc oxucularla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir h\u00fcdudlar meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Yeni bax\u0131\u015f buca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201ct\u0259bii (\u201corijinal kimi\u201d) t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u201dyl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259n, qeyri-adi (\u201ct\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259y\u0259 ox\u015fayan\u201d) t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 aras\u0131nda zid-diyy\u0259t kimi t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edir\u0259m.<\/p>\n<p>\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, he\u00e7 vaxt vahid qrup oxucular olmay\u0131b, m\u0259cburi orta t\u0259hsil v\u0259 kitablar\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 n\u0259\u015fri is\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259 onlar\u0131n dair\u0259sini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259yib&#8230; \u201cy\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li\u201d b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u00fctali\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 is\u0259 oxucular aras\u0131nda iki q\u00fctb var: nisbi sabit qrup \u2013 onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fctali\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fdir, \u2013 v\u0259 bu c\u00fcr kitablar\u0131 he\u00e7 vaxt oxumayanlar\u0131n art\u0131b-\u00e7oxalm\u0131\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259si. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin bir t\u0259r\u0259fidir. \u0130kinci t\u0259r\u0259f is\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, oxucumuz da d\u0259yi\u015fib. O, art\u0131q H\u00f6tenin n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutdu\u011fu sad\u0259l\u00f6vh s\u00f6z h\u0259v\u0259skar\u0131 deyil. H\u00f6te onlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutub yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u201corijinala h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q yax\u0131n olan t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r yaln\u0131z aliml\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 yararl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcst\u0259lik, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc oxucu t\u0259kc\u0259 ingilis dilini yox, dig\u0259r dill\u0259ri d\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 bilir&#8230; Bizim b\u0259dii t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rimizin istehlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 daha s\u0259viyy\u0259li olublar. Oxucu ist\u0259kl\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f \u00fcf\u00fcql\u0259ri h\u0259r c\u00fcr yenilikl\u0259r\u0259 daha h\u0259ssasd\u0131r. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 obyekti kimi (h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 s\u0131rf postmodernist deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 m\u00fcasir) bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxucunun t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 eksperi-mentl\u0259rind\u0259, ba\u015fqa c\u00fcr des\u0259k, m\u0259tnin realiz\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Bu halda h\u0259min i\u015ftirak\u0131 yaln\u0131z t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 oldu\u011funu ondan gizl\u0259tm\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259k olar&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259k z\u00f6vq almaq, sevinm\u0259k, mac\u0259ra ya\u015famaqd\u0131r&#8230; T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i orijinal\u0131n \u0259siri olmamal\u0131d\u0131r, onunla yar\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r, d\u00fczd\u00fcr, bunu xaricidilli m\u00fc\u0259llifin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yox, ba\u015fqa janrda etm\u0259lidir. M\u0259hz h\u0259min janrda da biz t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r m\u0259tnin m\u00fc\u0259llifiyik.<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;Dig\u0259r konsepsiyalar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu m\u0259nim postmodernist adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 konsepsiyas\u0131 olmadan n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. \u00c7\u00fcnki konsepsiyan\u0131n f\u0259rqi yoxdur, amma h\u0259r bir orijinal \u00f6z x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 (h\u0259r bir m\u00fcraci\u0259t edil\u0259n qrup da \u00f6z tipin\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259rkibin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 f\u0259rdi olan yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bunu pl\u00fcrualizm d\u0259, reltyativizm d\u0259 adland\u0131rmaq olar. Bu iki anlay\u0131\u015fdan birini se\u00e7m\u0259k is\u0259 oxucudan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"8438\">Yaz\u0131ya 837 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Postmodernizm bug\u00fcn\u00fcn, d\u00fcn\u0259nin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si deyil. Bu c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u0259rin\u0259 Fransua Rablenin, yaxud \u0130eronim Bosxun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, Fridrix Helgerlinin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 rast g\u0259lirik. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, m\u0259nim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131mda postmodernizm \u015earl Bodler v\u0259 Pol Sezann\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 modernizm adlanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn davam\u0131d\u0131r. &#8230;T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 zaman\u0131 yana\u015fma orijinal\u0131n m\u0259tnil\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir. Amma y\u0259qin, h\u0259tta, postmodernizmliyi m\u00fctl\u0259q olmayan el\u0259 m\u0259tnl\u0259r var ki, h\u0259min [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8440,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8438\/revisions\/8440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}