{"id":8659,"date":"2015-03-04T10:01:13","date_gmt":"2015-03-04T06:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=8659"},"modified":"2015-03-04T10:01:13","modified_gmt":"2015-03-04T06:01:13","slug":"guls%c9%99n-babayeva-t%c9%99rcum%c9%99-v%c9%99-%c9%99d%c9%99biyyatin-v%c9%99hd%c9%99ti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=8659","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcl\u015f\u0259n Babayeva &#8212; T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n v\u0259hd\u0259ti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/kitab.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3277 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/kitab.jpg\" alt=\"kitab\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Humanizm ruhunu anlamaq v\u0259 hiss etm\u0259kd\u0259 ilk m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259, insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n maddi izah\u0131 olan s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sidir. S\u0259n\u0259t b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, bu izah\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 elementinin \u0259n z\u0259ngin olan\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bir xalq\u0131n, dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n \u0259d\u0259biyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z dilind\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, \u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sind\u0259 yenil\u0259m\u0259si, z\u0259ka v\u0259 d\u0259rrak\u0259 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc o \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r nisb\u0259tind\u0259 art\u0131rmas\u0131, canland\u0131rmas\u0131 v\u0259 yenid\u0259n yaratmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. El\u0259 biz t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini bu bax\u0131mdan \u00f6n\u0259mli v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259sirli say\u0131r\u0131q.\u00a0 Z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bu c\u00fcr \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259 bilmi\u015f xalqlarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin \u0259n silinm\u0259z vasit\u0259si olan yaz\u0131 v\u0259 onun arxitekturas\u0131 olan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fctl\u0259nin ruhuna q\u0259d\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 hopan bir t\u0259siri var. Bu t\u0259sirin f\u0259rd v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 eyni olmas\u0131, zamanda v\u0259 m\u0259kanda b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri a\u015f\u0131b ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259k bir yay\u011f\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Hans\u0131 xalq\u0131n kitablar\u0131 bu y\u00f6nd\u0259 z\u0259ngindirs\u0259, o xalq, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda daha y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259dir. Bu bax\u0131mdan t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini sistemli v\u0259 diqq\u0259tli bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k, onun geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Elmi-\u0259d\u0259bi al\u0259md\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 termini, \u0259sas\u0259n, hans\u0131sa bir dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan v\u0259 ya o dild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin ba\u015fqa dil\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini izah etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259dilir. Az\u0259rbaycanca bunu bir t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 (v\u0259 ya, b\u0259z\u0259n, onunla eyni hesab olunan \u00e7evirm\u0259) s\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 ifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r, sad\u0259c\u0259 iki n\u00f6v t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259ni f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 \u015fifahi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 ifad\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dirl\u0259r. Geni\u015f yay\u0131lmasa da, \u015fifahi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 ed\u0259n\u0259 dilmanc, \u015fifahi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 i\u015fin\u0259 is\u0259 dilmancl\u0131q da deyirl\u0259r. Ruscada \u201cperevod\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ox\u015far m\u0259nada v\u0259 formalarda t\u0259tbiq edilir, yaz\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fifahi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq \u201custn\u0131y perevod\u201d v\u0259 \u201cpismenn\u0131y perevod\u201d ifad\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 verilir.\u00a0 T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r verbal olmaya da bil\u0259r, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin, y\u0259ni ke\u00e7idin \u0259n az\u0131 bir ucunda dil deyil, ba\u015fqa \u00fcns\u00fcr ola bil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kitab oxumaq h\u0259rfl\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259tnin g\u00f6z vasit\u0259si il\u0259 oxunub anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir; burada g\u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i rolunu oynay\u0131r, yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259tni t\u0259hlil \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 sistemimiz\u0259, beynimiz\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edir. \u018fg\u0259r oxudu\u011fumuz m\u0259tni s\u0259sl\u0259ndiririks\u0259, n\u00f6vb\u0259 g\u00f6zd\u0259n dil\u0259 ke\u00e7ir, y\u0259ni m\u0259tn dil vasit\u0259sil\u0259 s\u0259s\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.\u00a0 \u0130nki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyata malik olan xalqlar\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox \u00f6y\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc v\u0259 f\u0259xr etdiyi milli s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri onun dilidir.<\/p>\n<p>Xalq\u0131n kimliyini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 bi\u00e7imini, h\u0259yat t\u0259rzini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259n abid\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131nda onun \u00f6z dili v\u0259 bu dild\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fifahi \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri durur. \u018fr\u0259b, ibrani v\u0259 sanskrit dill\u0259rinin m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s kitablar\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya Allah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6nd\u0259rildiyi dil olaraq \u00fcst\u00fcn m\u00f6vqed\u0259 oldu\u011funu iddia ed\u0259nl\u0259r az olmay\u0131b\u00a0 H\u00fcnayun ibn \u0130shaq (lat\u0131n ad\u0131 Johannitius) kimi y\u00fcks\u0259k pe\u015f\u0259kar t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r elmin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 aid \u0259n sanball\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259rk\u0259n transliterasiya edirdil\u0259r. Orta \u0259srl\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015f\u0259rqind\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 i\u015finin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti Avropadak\u0131ndan, xristian d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan xeyli f\u0259rqli idi. \u201cR\u0259hmli v\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259tli olan Allah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n nazil edilmi\u015f\u201d Quran\u0131n, y\u0259ni \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 deyilmi\u015f Allah s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fqa m\u00fcs\u0259lman dill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si do\u011fru hesab olunmurdu, \u201cBiz onu \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 bir Quran olaraq nazil etdik ki, b\u0259lk\u0259 (m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131) anlayas\u0131n\u0131z\u201d (Yusuf sur\u0259si 12:2).\u00a0 \u018fr\u0259b dili \u0130slamda ilahiyy\u0259tin dili idi. \u018fr\u0259b dilinin uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t h\u0259m d\u0259 elmi dil olmas\u0131 onun b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u00fcfuzunu bir daha hifz edir, ba\u015fqa dilin r\u0259qab\u0259t\u0259 girm\u0259sin\u0259 &#8211; x\u00fcsusil\u0259 ilahiyy\u0259td\u0259 &#8211; imkan vermirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Quran\u0131 ancaq \u015f\u0259rh v\u0259 ya t\u0259fsir etm\u0259k m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc; o zamanlar b\u0259zi t\u00fcrk l\u0259hc\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259-t\u0259fsirl\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ls\u0259 d\u0259, onlar geni\u015f yay\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Quran\u0131n izahl\u0131 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycanda bu i\u015f 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131, Sovetl\u0259rin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Z.B\u00fcnyadov v\u0259 V.M\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259liyevin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Quran\u0131n lat\u0131ncaya ilk t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si 1142-43-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 sonralar 1543-c\u00fc ild\u0259 bir s\u0131ra teoloqlar\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Martin Luther\u2019in (luser) \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259ri il\u0259 Bazeld\u0259 \u00e7ap edilmi\u015fdi. 1986-c\u0131 il\u0259 olan m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259 Quran t\u0259qrib\u0259n 70 dil\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilib, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 2668 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ap olunub. M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin r\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Quran\u0131n islam \u00f6nc\u0259si \u0259r\u0259b poeziyas\u0131na m\u0259xsus g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi v\u0259 t\u0259svir\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259z inc\u0259 \u00e7alarlar\u0131 onun ba\u015fqa dill\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259k dini-f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259tnin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si kimi deyil, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 poetik t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 problemi kimi baxma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edir. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar aras\u0131nda dini v\u0259 ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259rasiml\u0259rd\u0259 Quran\u0131n ancaq \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 oxunmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00fcmumi bir raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmas\u0131 da uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Quran\u0131n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini l\u00fczumsuz hala g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi. Bu raz\u0131l\u0131q c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015f raz\u0131l\u0131q deyildi (bel\u0259 geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin apar\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259bii v\u0259 a\u011flabatan deyildi). Bu, yaln\u0131z ilahiyy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 din xadiml\u0259ri aras\u0131nda q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin d\u0259 etiraz etm\u0259diyi v\u0259 ya bigan\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir raz\u0131l\u0131q olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 bizim ciddi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i komandas\u0131na ehtiyac\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011funu etiraf etm\u0259liyik v\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i deyil, eyni zamanda \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 bil\u0259n, s\u00f6zl\u0259 oynama\u011f\u0131 bacaran savadl\u0131, m\u00fctali\u0259li m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Niy\u0259 onlar biz olmayaq? &#8211; deyir\u0259m v\u0259 son olaraq fikrimi \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k bel\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m: t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 istedad, z\u0259hm\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n bir i\u015f olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, xalqlar, mill\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda k\u00f6rp\u00fc v\u0259zif\u0259sini da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Amma bu k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq, yeri g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 t\u0259mir etm\u0259k, onu yenil\u0259m\u0259k i\u015fi is\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u00e7\u0131larla yana\u015f\u0131, biz t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin &#8211; elmi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck, \u00e7oxm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li binan\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 ilk m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoyan g\u0259ncl\u0259rin d\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259suliyy\u0259t qoyur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"8659\">Yaz\u0131ya 769 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Humanizm ruhunu anlamaq v\u0259 hiss etm\u0259kd\u0259 ilk m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259, insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n maddi izah\u0131 olan s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sidir. S\u0259n\u0259t b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, bu izah\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 elementinin \u0259n z\u0259ngin olan\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bir xalq\u0131n, dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n \u0259d\u0259biyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z dilind\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, \u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sind\u0259 yenil\u0259m\u0259si, z\u0259ka v\u0259 d\u0259rrak\u0259 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc o \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r nisb\u0259tind\u0259 art\u0131rmas\u0131, canland\u0131rmas\u0131 v\u0259 yenid\u0259n yaratmas\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8659"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8660,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659\/revisions\/8660"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}