{"id":9070,"date":"2015-04-02T18:25:23","date_gmt":"2015-04-02T13:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=9070"},"modified":"2015-04-02T18:25:23","modified_gmt":"2015-04-02T13:25:23","slug":"mete-xaqan-v%c9%99-hun-ad%c9%99tl%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=9070","title":{"rendered":"Mete xaqan v\u0259 hun ad\u0259tl\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7in tarix\u00e7isi\u00a0Sima Syan<\/a>\u00a0yaz\u0131r ki,\u00a0hunlar<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6z uzun tarixl\u0259ri \u0259rzind\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 gah g\u00fccl\u0259nib yekdil, vahid s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t yaratm\u0131\u015f, gah z\u0259ifl\u0259yib ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Hunlar\u0131n \u00c7in \u0130mperiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259rgin, o q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259lak\u0259tli olmu\u015fdur ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara bird\u0259f\u0259lik son qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn imperator\u00a0Sin \u015ei Xuandi<\/a>\u00a0\u00c7inin \u015fimal s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri boyu 4000 kilometr \"mete_xan\"<\/a>uzunlu\u011funda, 4 metr enind\u0259 v\u0259 10 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 s\u0259dd \u00e7\u0259kdirm\u0259k \u0259mri vermi\u015fdir. H\u0259min s\u0259dd bu g\u00fcn\u0259 kimi durur. \u018fslind\u0259, bu \u00c7in xalq\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259hm\u0259tke\u015fliyi il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r Hun c\u0259ngav\u0259rl\u0259rinin q\u0259hramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na qoyulan abid\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

E.\u0259. 238-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7in \u0130mperiyas\u0131na, h\u0259tta dig\u0259r qon\u015fular\u0131na bel\u0259 x\u0259rac ver\u0259n Hun xaqan\u0131\u00a0Tuman<\/a>\u0131n he\u00e7 yuxusuna da girm\u0259zdi ki, evind\u0259 yenic\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259l\u0259n k\u00f6rp\u0259 n\u0259inki, yax\u0131n-uzaq qon\u015fular\u0131ndan, h\u0259tta b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7in \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n x\u0259rac alacaq.<\/p>\n

Metenin q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131yanaq bir \u00f6gey qarda\u015f\u0131 da vard\u0131. T\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc olsa da Tuman b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011flu Meteni deyil, onu taxt-tac varisi etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Tuman Meteni\u00a0Yue\u00e7jil<\/a>\u0259r\u0259 girov g\u00f6nd\u0259rib sonra da onlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 h\u00fccum etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi ki, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259r Meteni \u00f6ld\u00fcrs\u00fcnl\u0259r. Lakin bunu hiss ed\u0259n Metenin at belind\u0259 \u0259sirlikd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131b g\u0259ldiyini g\u00f6r\u0259n Tuman ona on min atl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131b uzaq \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n birin\u0259 vali g\u00f6nd\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Mete xaqan\u0131n \u00a0d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n q\u0259bil\u0259 v\u0259 tayfalar\u0131 il\u0259, yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq xalqlarla m\u00fcbariz\u0259si e.\u0259 202-ci il\u0259 kimi davam edir. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 o 26 xalq\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirib konfederasiyaya qat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u0259hay\u0259t \u015f\u0259rqin \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc, m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil v\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n ordusuna v\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturuna h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q ed\u0259n Mete \u00c7inin h\u00fccumuna m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. \u00c7ind\u0259 bu zaman hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yeni g\u0259lmi\u015f\u00a0Xan s\u00fclal\u0259si<\/a>\u00a0a\u011fal\u0131q edirdi. Bu o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t idi ki, h\u0259tta indiy\u0259 kimi \u00e7inlil\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rini h\u0259min s\u00fclal\u0259nin ad\u0131yla, y\u0259ni xan mill\u0259ti adland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu s\u00fclal\u0259nin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7ay qay\u0131q\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u00a0Lyu Banq<\/a>idi. Mete\u00a0Peteng m\u00fcharib\u0259sind<\/a>\u0259 imperatoru pusquya sal\u0131r. 7 g\u00fcn ac-susuz m\u00fchasir\u0259d\u0259 qalan imperator m\u0259cbur olub s\u00fclh ba\u011flay\u0131r. S\u00fclh\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n imperatorun q\u0131z\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 hun imperatoru il\u0259 evl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n

Mete xaqan bundan sonra \u00c7ini sakit buraxsa da, hun tayfa ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 h\u00fccumlara davam edirdil\u0259r. O, bundan sonra bir daha q\u0131l\u0131nca \u0259l atmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki ona ba\u015f \u0259ym\u0259y\u0259n bir xalq qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Mete\u00a0e.\u0259. 174<\/a>-c\u00fc ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etdi. Onun s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259ti d\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz il – daxili q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar \u00f6lk\u0259ni da\u011f\u0131dana q\u0259d\u0259r ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dunxu tayfalar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin dinc yolla t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sinin t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olan Mete xaqan onlar\u0131n torpaq ist\u0259kl\u0259rinin yolverilm\u0259z oldu\u011funu d\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k n\u00fcfuzlu saray m\u0259murlar\u0131, ordu ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011fsaqqallar aras\u0131nda m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r apar\u0131r. M\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 torpaq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bir s\u0131ra ziddiyy\u0259tli m\u0259qamlar \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. A\u011fsaqqallar xaqana yarars\u0131z torpaq sah\u0259l\u0259ri u\u011frunda qan t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259sinin yol verilm\u0259zliyini vur\u011fulayaraq xaqan\u0131 bu i\u015fd\u0259n vaz ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar. Lakin Mete xaqan onlar\u0131n bu t\u0259klifl\u0259rind\u0259n q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k bildirir: “Torpaq d\u00f6vl\u0259tin t\u0259m\u0259lidir, torpaq mill\u0259tindir v\u0259 babalar\u0131m\u0131z onu qan ax\u0131tmaqla qoruyublar. Mill\u0259tin mal\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 he\u00e7 kim\u0259 verm\u0259r\u0259m. Torpaq ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259rin birc\u0259 cavab\u0131 var: onlarla sava\u015fa girm\u0259k. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259n \u0259mrimi verir\u0259m: haz\u0131rla\u015f\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 gedirik”[3]<\/a><\/sup>. Bel\u0259 ki, ilk olaraq b\u00f6y\u00fck hun s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259si Mete xaqan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n islahatlar da bir n\u00f6v T\u00f6r\u0259nin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldilmi\u015fdi. Mete xaqan\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi islahatlar o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi xalq qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n bir n\u00f6v r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f formas\u0131 idi. T\u00f6r\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi xalq qanunlar\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 xalq t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259 \u0259saslanan ibtidai qaydalar toplusu idi. Mete xaqan is\u0259 b\u0259hs olunan T\u00f6r\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qanunlar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 qald\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bu ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin zaman\u0131n arams\u0131z h\u0259ml\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 unutqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir n\u00f6v xilas etmi\u015f oldu. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Mete xaqan\u0131n idar\u0259\u00e7ilik sisteminin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 add\u0131mlar birba\u015fa T\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131rd\u0131. O, idar\u0259\u00e7ilik sistemind\u0259 yeni v\u0259zif\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin h\u0259m \u015f\u0259rq, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fany\u00fcd\u0259n sonra g\u0259l\u0259n \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259\u00a0cuki knyaz<\/a>\u00a0idi. Ad\u0259t\u0259n, \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259ki cuki knyaz \u015fany\u00fcn\u00fcn varisi olurdu. \u0130kinci b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259zif\u0259\u00a0luli knyaz<\/a>\u00a0idi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259 ba\u015f s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259 aid edilirdi. Daha sonrak\u0131 pill\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259\u00a0b\u00f6y\u00fck duyu<\/a>\u00a0v\u0259 be\u015finci pill\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259\u00a0b\u00f6y\u00fck danhu<\/a>\u00a0v\u0259zif\u0259si m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. H\u0259m \u015f\u0259rq, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259sinind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r \u015fany\u00fc olan soydan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f \u0259yanlar\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 idi v\u0259 irsi b\u00f6lg\u0259si var idi. V\u0259zif\u0259 pill\u0259k\u0259nind\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259dikc\u0259 h\u0259min zad\u0259ganlar v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun b\u00f6lg\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131[4]<\/a><\/sup>. Q\u0259dim bozq\u0131r qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 imperiya iki yer\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq v\u0259 q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130mperiyan\u0131n q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259si tardu\u015f, \u015f\u0259rq b\u00f6lg\u0259si is\u0259 t\u00f6lis adlan\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00f6lis v\u0259 tardu\u015flara r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r tuqi titulu da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Luanti s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n olan b\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015fil\u0259r tuqi (\u015fahzad\u0259) adlan\u0131rd\u0131. V\u0259zif\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u0259silzad\u0259 soylar\u0131n n\u00f6vb\u0259 il\u0259 imperiyan\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar da olduqca maraql\u0131d\u0131r. Bu haqda N.Bi\u00e7urin yaz\u0131r: “Mete d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 24 soydan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc (Xuyan, Lan, S\u00fcybu) \u0259silzad\u0259 soylar hesab olunurdu. \u015eany\u00fcn\u00fcn aid oldu\u011fu soy\u00a0Luanti<\/a>\u00a0soyad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eany\u00fc yaln\u0131z bu \u00fc\u00e7 soydan q\u0131z ala bil\u0259rdi. Dem\u0259li, d\u00f6vl\u0259t aparat\u0131ndak\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r bu soylar\u0131n – zad\u0259gan \u0259yanlar\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 idi. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alanda ki, v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r irsi idi, bunun n\u0259 dem\u0259k oldu\u011fu ayd\u0131n olur. \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin verdiyi m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259, Hun \u0130mperiyas\u0131nda ba\u015f hakim yaln\u0131z S\u00fcybu soyundan olurdu.<\/p>\n

B\u0259z\u0259n tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda Mete xaqan Hun \u0130mperiyas\u0131 daxilind\u0259 qanunlar m\u00fc\u0259llifi kimi qeyd olunur. \u018fslind\u0259 bu fikir k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Mete xaqan \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 minillikl\u0259r boyu t\u0259tbiq olunan v\u0259 o d\u00f6vr\u0259\"\" q\u0259d\u0259r qorunub saxlan\u0131lan ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r toplusunu m\u00fcasir dill\u0259 des\u0259k konstitusiya formas\u0131na sala bildi v\u0259 bir n\u00f6v qanunlar\u0131n hamisi rolunda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdi. Mete xan d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu, iqtisadi, h\u0259rbi, ail\u0259-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t v\u0259 h\u00fcquq sah\u0259sind\u0259 o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi islahatlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdir. T\u0259tbiq olunan yeni
\nqanunlara \u0259sas\u0259n silah\u0131 l\u00fczumsuz yer\u0259 q\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xaran adam edam edilm\u0259li, o\u011furluq ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsin n\u0259slinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259mlak\u0131 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 olunmal\u0131, yol verilmi\u015f ki\u00e7ik cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 adam\u0131n sif\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7ap\u0131q ni\u015fan\u0259si vurulmal\u0131, and\u0131n\u0131 pozan, satq\u0131nl\u0131q ed\u0259n, ordu xidm\u0259tind\u0259n boyun qa\u00e7\u0131ran, f\u0259rarilik ed\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t sirl\u0259rini yayan adamlar edam olunmal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131ya 2602 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7in tarix\u00e7isi\u00a0Sima Syan\u00a0yaz\u0131r ki,\u00a0hunlar\u00a0\u00f6z uzun tarixl\u0259ri \u0259rzind\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 gah g\u00fccl\u0259nib yekdil, vahid s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t yaratm\u0131\u015f, gah z\u0259ifl\u0259yib ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015flar. Hunlar\u0131n \u00c7in \u0130mperiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259rgin, o q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259lak\u0259tli olmu\u015fdur ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara bird\u0259f\u0259lik son qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn imperator\u00a0Sin \u015ei Xuandi\u00a0\u00c7inin \u015fimal s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri boyu 4000 kilometr uzunlu\u011funda, 4 metr enind\u0259 v\u0259 10 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9070"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9070"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9072,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9070\/revisions\/9072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}