{"id":9311,"date":"2015-05-27T11:18:33","date_gmt":"2015-05-27T06:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=9311"},"modified":"2015-05-27T11:18:33","modified_gmt":"2015-05-27T06:18:33","slug":"21-ci-%c9%99srd%c9%99-kapital-az%c9%99rbaycanin-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/?p=9311","title":{"rendered":"\u201c21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 kapital\u201d: Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yeri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/th.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-9312 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/kultur.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/th.jpg\" alt=\"eminaslan\" width=\"220\" height=\"146\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<strong><em>Son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Q\u0259rbin v\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259, universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fczakir\u0259si apar\u0131lan kitablardan biri, frans\u0131z iqtisad\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tomas Pikettinin \u201c21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Kapital\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259ridir. Kitab t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, dilimiz\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilm\u0259yib. \u00dcmid edir\u0259m ki, bu yaz\u0131 kitab\u0131n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sini etm\u0259y\u0259 kimis\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Kitab haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa aray\u0131\u015f:\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitabda 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259n 2010-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan Fransa, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, qism\u0259n Almaniya v\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7in timsal\u0131nda, \u00a0Avropan\u0131n v\u0259 qism\u0259n d\u0259 AB\u015e v\u0259 Yaponiyan\u0131n iqtisadiyat\u0131n\u0131n dinamikas\u0131, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259, bu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00a0olan iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik analiz olunub. Kitab, \u00fcmummili v\u0259 \u00fcmumdaxili g\u0259lird\u0259 \u0259halinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif k\u0259siml\u0259rinin g\u0259lir pay\u0131 analiz edil\u0259r\u0259k, 21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 &#8211; qism\u0259n futuristik formada &#8211; Avropa, AB\u015e \u00a0v\u0259 \u00fcmumillikd\u0259, az da olsa, d\u00fcnya iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n (\u0259sas\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259t daxili iqtisadi b\u0259r\u0259b\u0259rsizlik anlam\u0131nda) hans\u0131 isitqam\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdiyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Tomas Piketti, klassik marksist yana\u015fmas\u0131ndan imtina ed\u0259r\u0259k, g\u0259lir b\u00f6l\u00fcg\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259halini f\u0259hl\u0259, k\u0259ndli v\u0259 burjaziya sinifl\u0259rin\u0259 ay\u0131rm\u0131r. O, \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259halinin pay nisb\u0259tini faizl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 ay\u0131r\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259n varl\u0131 10% k\u0259sim, \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 50% lik k\u0259sim v\u0259 yerd\u0259 qalan 40% lik orta k\u0259simin \u00fcmummilli v\u0259 \u00fcmumdaxili g\u0259lird\u0259 pay nisb\u0259ti formas\u0131nda. \u00a0Daha \u00e7ox bu \u201c\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u00f6lg\u00fc\u201dd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Pikketi \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq \u0259n varl\u0131 1% k\u0259simi d\u0259 qalanlar\u0131ndan ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bundan yola \u00e7\u0131xaraq, Piketti \u0259n \u0259sas iki \u00f6lk\u0259nin (\u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Fransa) v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259lik, \u0259mlak v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin d\u0259qiq hesab\u0131n\u0131 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015f vurub, analizl\u0259rinin n\u0259tic\u0259sini ortaya qoyur. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn o, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox Fransan\u0131n arxivl\u0259rin\u0259, natarious kantorlar\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir (kitabda bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259rin adlar\u0131 qeyd olunub, y\u0259ni ki, bu kitab h\u0259m d\u0259 bir \u201ckomanda i\u015fi\u201d olub).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitab\u0131n ba\u015flan\u0131\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda, Piketti h\u0259m d\u0259, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin m\u0259\u015fhur iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rini analiz edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n bo\u015fluqlar\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir. Bu s\u0131rada Adam Smit, Devid Rikardo, Karl Marks v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri var.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitab\u0131n bir ba\u015fqa f\u0259rqli t\u0259r\u0259fi v\u0259 dey\u0259rdim ki, m\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, onun elmi-populyar dild\u0259 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 orijinal formada b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyata m\u00fcraci\u0259t edilm\u0259sidir. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn sosial-iqtisadi durumunu izah etm\u0259k, \u0259halinin \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Tomas Piketti, Frans\u0131z yazar Balzak\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 romanlara, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u201cQorio Ata\u201d \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ngilis yazar Ceyn Ostinin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcrac\u0259t\u0259 edir. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bu iki yazar, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn sosial-iqtisadi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259svir ed\u0259 bilibl\u0259r. Geni\u015f oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan bu kitab, sad\u0259 dili v\u0259 oxunaql\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitabda, oxucunu \u201cqorxudacaq\u201d v\u0259 qism\u0259n h\u0259v\u0259sdan salacaq m\u0259qam is\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rin, c\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259rin bol olmas\u0131 v\u0259 kitab\u0131n \u00fcmumi h\u0259cminin b\u00f6y\u00fck olmas\u0131 ola bil\u0259r. Amma kitab\u0131n can\u0131-qan\u0131 da, m\u0259hz el\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r v\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259rdir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0130lk olaraq onu deyim ki, kitabda iqtisadi terminalogiya \u00e7ox d\u0259qiq v\u0259 ayd\u0131n formada f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilib. Bu is\u0259 \u00a0kitab\u0131n ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259k \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ox art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Tomas Piketti s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n (\u0259mlak, \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 paylar, bankdak\u0131 faiz g\u0259lirl\u0259ri v\u0259s) g\u0259lir\u0259 \u00fcmumi adla \u2013 icar\u0259 g\u0259liri deyir, y\u0259ni insandan he\u00e7 bir \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 enerji t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259y\u0259n g\u0259lir. \u018fm\u0259k g\u0259liri is\u0259 &#8211; insan\u0131n zehni v\u0259 ya fiziki \u0259m\u0259k n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259lirl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Q\u0131sa des\u0259k s\u0259rv\u0259t statik, \u0259m\u0259k \u00a0is\u0259 dinamik g\u0259lir kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Piketti \u0259sas diqq\u0259ti \u00fcmummili g\u0259lird\u0259, \u0259halinin s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n (s\u0259rv\u0259t mirasa v\u0259 v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259liy\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r) v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n (bilgi v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011fa \u0259saslan\u0131r) g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirini k\u0259skin f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259yi z\u0259ruri say\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n ana x\u0259ttini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n bu differensasiya Avropa v\u0259 qism\u0259n AB\u015e-\u0131n iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n dinamik v\u0259 ya statik oldu\u011funu v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 nec\u0259 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Burada o, \u0259halinin \u00fcmumi art\u0131m tempinin v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n v\u0259 ya \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirin nisb\u0259tini hans\u0131 formada d\u0259yi\u015fdirdiyini \u00e7ox ayd\u0131n formada izah edir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2010-cu il statistikas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Skandinaviya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259liri \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k olan 10% k\u0259sim, \u00fcmumi \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirinin 20%-ni; 50% \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0259sim, \u00fcmumi \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirinin 35%-ni; yerd\u0259 qalan orta k\u0259sim (40%) is\u0259 \u00fcmumi \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirinin 45%-ni \u00a0al\u0131r. Bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r ictimai b\u0259rab\u0259rliy\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r hesab olunur. \u018fn pis g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rd\u0259n biri (inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r i\u00e7ind\u0259) \u00a0AB\u015e-a aiddir. Oradaki nisb\u0259t: \u00a0\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259liri olan 10% k\u0259sim, \u00fcmumi \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirinin 35% al\u0131rsa; \u0259n kas\u0131b 50% k\u0259sim, \u00fcmumi \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirin 25% al\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Daha ayd\u0131n olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hesab ed\u0259k ki, Skandinaviyada \u00fcmumi ortalama \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lir 2.000 dollard\u0131sa, 10% k\u0259sim, ortalama 4 min dollar (20%), \u00a0ortadak\u0131 40% k\u0259sim ortalama 2.250 dollar, \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u0259lirli 50% \u00a0k\u0259sim is\u0259 \u00a0ortalama 1.400 dollar \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259liri al\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>S\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik daha pis durumdad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, yen\u0259 d\u0259 Skandinaviya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 10% \u0259n \u00e7ox s\u0259rv\u0259t\u0259 sahib olanlar, \u00fcmumi s\u0259rv\u0259tin 50%-n\u0259; \u00a050% -lik \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yoxsul k\u0259sim is\u0259 \u00fcmumi s\u0259rv\u0259tin 5-10%-n\u0259 sahibdir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitabda \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirl\u0259rini nec\u0259 \u201cudmas\u0131\u201d haqq\u0131nda, iki d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 ondan sonraki d\u00f6vrl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar var. Bel\u0259 ki, Tomas Piketti s\u00fcbut edir ki, birinci v\u0259 ikinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Avropada v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Amerikada \u0259halinin \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin aras\u0131nda k\u0259skin f\u0259rql\u0259r olub. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1910-cu il Frarsas\u0131nda 10% -lik varl\u0131 k\u0259sim, \u00fcmumi s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirin 90% -n\u0259 sahib olurmu\u015f. \u018fm\u0259kd\u0259n g\u0259lirin d\u0259 nisb\u0259ti bir o q\u0259d\u0259rmi\u015f. Lakin birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fchairb\u0259sind\u0259n sonra s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259r aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lg\u00fc nisb\u0259t\u0259n b\u0259rab\u0259rliy\u0259 yax\u0131n olur. Bunun is\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bi o idi ki, banklarda, \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlaklarda paylar\u0131 olan varl\u0131 qrup, m\u00fcharib\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcflisl\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 \u0259halinin \u00fcmumi b\u0259rab\u0259lik s\u0259viyy\u0259si art\u0131r. Eyni proses, ikinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 sonra da ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc ara\u015fd\u0131ran Piketti g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, Avropada v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azad bazar\u0131n v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil hesab edildiyi AB\u015e-da \u00a0bel\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin iqtisadiyyatda rolu \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k olub. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sidir ki, Frans\u0131z tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri Fransan\u0131n ikinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 30 illik d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cQ\u0131z\u0131l D\u00f6vr\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131blar.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Lakin 1980-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyada Marqaret Tet\u00e7er, AB\u015e-da is\u0259 Ronald Reyqan\u0131n (\u201cReyqanomika\u201d) ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259tsizl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 start verilir. Piketti deyir ki, 70-ci ill\u0259rin Amerikas\u0131nda el\u0259 vaxt olub ki, \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259likd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin 70-80% vergiy\u0259 c\u0259lb olunub. D\u00fcnya iqtisadi tarixind\u0259 \u201cTet\u00e7er-Reyqan\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fc kimi tan\u0131nan bu d\u00f6vr, m\u00fcvafiq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259halinin g\u0259lirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lg\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259, b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyin artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bu prosesi 2010-cu il\u0259 kimi analiz ed\u0259n Piketti h\u0259y\u0259can t\u0259bilinin \u00e7al\u0131nmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin gedikc\u0259 s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 kas\u0131b qrupun g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 tarazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n pozulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sosial g\u0259rginliyin artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deyir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Piketti, kitab\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada olan b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolunu da t\u0259klif edir. O, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirin nisb\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq artan faizli veriginin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada t\u0259tbiq olunmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu deyir. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bunun t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sinin utopik oldu\u011funu q\u0259bul ed\u0259n Piketti, bunun \u0259n az\u0131 Avropada edil\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini v\u0259 bununla yax\u0131nla\u015fan b\u0259lan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131na bil\u0259c\u0259yini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00a0haz\u0131rki d\u00fcnyada he\u00e7 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259kba\u015f\u0131na artan faizli vergi t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z, bu onun iqtiadiyyat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Kitab Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn niy\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir?<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Birincisi ona g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir ki, bu kitab vasit\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00f6vcud siyasi-iqtisadi reall\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 anlayaca\u011f\u0131q. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kitabda qeyd edilir ki, haz\u0131rk\u0131 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirl\u0259ri, \u00fcmumi g\u0259lirl\u0259rin (\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259 birg\u0259) \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 ikisini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259kdir ki, h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sosial mobillik daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdir, y\u0259ni bilgiy\u0259 v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011fa dayanan iqtisadiyyat m\u00f6vcudur. Bizim kimi icar\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 (bizd\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fc \u201cicar\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir\u201d \u2013 g\u0259lirinin 90% d\u0259n \u00e7oxu neft v\u0259 qazadan g\u0259lir v\u0259 h\u0259min sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 icar\u0259y\u0259 verilib) is\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirl\u0259rini, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259 bilgi v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011fa \u0259saslanan g\u0259lirl\u0259ri \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yir. Daxili dinamikan\u0131n nec\u0259 oldu\u011funu is\u0259 dem\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259limizd\u0259 he\u00e7 bir r\u0259q\u0259m v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r yoxdur. Amma bu haqqda bir az sonra. \u00dcmumi olaraq onu deyim ki, Tomas Pikettiy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, sosial mobil c\u0259miyy\u0259tin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n \u0259sas yolu t\u0259hsil v\u0259 elmin g\u00fccl\u00fc olmas\u0131ndan asl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Sosial mobilliyin oldu\u011fu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n varlanma v\u0259 layiqli h\u0259yat \u015faraitin\u0259 \u00e7atma \u015fanslar\u0131, icar\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 g\u0259lir\u0259 \u0259saslanan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n qat-qat daha \u00e7oxdur.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitab\u0131 oxduqdan ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrs\u0259n ki, s\u0259rv\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259k g\u0259lirl\u0259rini \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259diyi bir toplumda insanlar\u0131n bilgi v\u0259 bacar\u0131qla \u00e7oxlu pul qazanma \u015fanslar\u0131 \u00e7ox azd\u0131r, h\u0259tta dey\u0259rdim (kitab\u0131n g\u0259ldiyi n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259) yoxdur. Bu kimi toplumda, \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 halda \u00a0bilgi v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 korrupsiya yolu il\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t yey\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin \u015firk\u0259t v\u0259 ofisl\u0259rind\u0259 ayl\u0131q \u201cfix\u201d maa\u015f al\u0131rlar v\u0259 onlar\u0131n bu iqtisadi sistem daxilind\u0259 \u015firk\u0259t sahibl\u0259ri kimi varlanma \u015fanslar\u0131 yoxdur. Varanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yegan\u0259 yol, \u00a0bu tipli varl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n q\u0131zlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya o\u011flanlar\u0131 il\u0259 ail\u0259 qurmaq v\u0259 mirasa sahib olmaqdan ke\u00e7ir. Bu insanlar is\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tin \u201cyad \u0259ll\u0259r\u0259\u201d ke\u00e7m\u0259m\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda evlilikl\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirl\u0259r. H\u0259min insanlar \u201cqapal\u0131 dair\u0259\u201d yaradaraq, he\u00e7 bir yad \u201c\u00fcns\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d ora buraxmaq ist\u0259mirl\u0259r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0130kincisi, bu kitab vasit\u0259si il\u0259 anlayacaqs\u0131z ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda apar\u0131lan tikinti v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u201cg\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si\u201d \u00a0il\u0259 insanlarda inki\u015faf\u0131n illuziyas\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaq, onlar\u0131n layiqli h\u0259yata \u00e7ata bilm\u0259m\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bi kimi, problemin onlar\u0131n \u00f6z bacar\u0131q v\u0259 bilgisizliyind\u0259n qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 problem daha \u00e7ox obyektivdir, y\u0259ni m\u00f6vcud siyasi-iqtisadi sistemin \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259dir. O sistem ki, \u0259m\u0259k (t\u0259hsil v\u0259 bilgi) \u0259sasl\u0131 iqtisadiyyata yox, daha \u00e7ox icar\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r (ham\u0131n\u0131n \u201cobyekt\u201d a\u00e7maq arzusu kimi). Xalq dilind\u0259 des\u0259k, siz bu sistmed\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z da, 10% qrupun ayl\u0131q v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik x\u0259rcini ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 qazana bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiz.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bundan ba\u015fqa, kitab, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi sosial partlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n da mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bel\u0259 ki, Tomas Piketti hesab edir ki, \u0259g\u0259r 10% \u0259n \u00fcst k\u0259sim \u00fcmumi s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirin 90%-n\u0259 sahibdirs\u0259, bu zaman sosial partlay\u0131\u015f qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olur. Bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z repressiya, ictimai etirazlar\u0131 bo\u011fmaqla almaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunu is\u0259 yaln\u0131z polis rejiml\u0259rin\u0259 sahib \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. O, bunun s\u00fcbutu kimi 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki Avropan\u0131n \u0259hali qruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 iqtisadi b\u0259ab\u0259rsizliyi g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, onun hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 Fransada 10% varl\u0131 k\u0259sim \u00fcmumi (\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t bir yerd\u0259) g\u0259lirin 90% sahib idi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Fransas\u0131 v\u0259 el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Avropas\u0131nda k\u00fctl\u0259vi sol h\u0259r\u0259katlar \u00e7oxlu mitinq v\u0259 piketl\u0259r ke\u00e7irdir v\u0259 g\u0259lir b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin\u0259 nail olma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, \u0259limizd\u0259 bu kimi r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Az\u0259rbaycanda 10% \u0259n \u00fcst k\u0259simin \u00fcmumi s\u0259rv\u0259tin 90% sahib olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259qiq dem\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Amma yarad\u0131lan polis rejimi, h\u0259qiq\u0259ti v\u0259 probleml\u0259ri dey\u0259n insanlar\u0131n qanunsuz olaraq h\u0259bs\u0259 at\u0131lmas\u0131, onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin 10% k\u0259siminin m\u00f6vcud durumu n\u0259yin bahas\u0131na olursa saxlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u015f\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 onlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu dolay\u0131 yolla s\u00fcbut edir. Bizim \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 dig\u0259r problem odur ki, bu s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r leqall\u0131q qazanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, m\u00f6vcud r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131raraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131xartmaq m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. T\u0259sad\u00fcf\u00fc deyil ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda milyondan baha ma\u015f\u0131nlar s\u00fcr\u00fcls\u0259 d\u0259, millyondan baha evl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259mlaklar al\u0131n\u0131b-sat\u0131lsa da \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 r\u0259smi millyon\u00e7u yoxdur. \u018fslind\u0259 \u00a0qanunsuz yolla s\u0259rv\u0259t\u0259 sahibl\u0259n\u0259n insanlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu pullar\u0131n\u0131n leqalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. Amma siyasi sistem buna imkan vermir, \u00e7\u00fcnki ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 insanlar\u0131n loyall\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259min etm\u0259k olmur. Pullar leqalla\u015fsa h\u0259min insanlara n\u0259zar\u0259t it\u0259c\u0259k, b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sahib insanlara n\u0259zar\u0259tin itm\u0259si is\u0259 bu sistem\u0259 \u0259sla s\u0259rf etmir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Son olaraq, kitab bizim g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 iqtisadi inki\u015faf yolumuzu (\u00e7\u00fcnki indiki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc iqtisadi inki\u015faf, icar\u0259y\u0259 dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0259sla inki\u015faf adland\u0131rla bilm\u0259z) se\u00e7m\u0259yimiz\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynaya bil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda haz\u0131rk\u0131 siyasi-iqtisadi durumu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n m\u00f6vcud hakmiyy\u0259t insanlar\u0131n f\u0259rdi h\u0259yat\u0131na o q\u0259d\u0259r qanunsuz yolla m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 edib ki, m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t\u0259 sahib insanlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 o q\u0259d\u0259r pozub ki, biznesmenl\u0259ri korrupsiya (Az\u0259rbaycanda biznes qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259tin verilm\u0259diyini indiy\u0259 kimi he\u00e7 kim e\u015fitm\u0259yib) yolu il\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r bezdirib ki, bazar\u0131 o q\u0259d\u0259r monopoliyaya al\u0131b ki, sistemi o q\u0259d\u0259r korrupsiyaya u\u011frad\u0131b ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin daxilind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin iqtisadiyyatdan maksimum \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fdarar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131b. Az\u0259rbaycanda q\u0259bul edil\u0259n ist\u0259nil\u0259n q\u0259rar r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 \u00e7evrildiyind\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 onun t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 insanlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 skeptik yana\u015f\u0131r. H\u0259tta bu fikir o q\u0259d\u0259r yay\u0131l\u0131b ki, insanlar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ona \u201ctoxunmasa\u201d \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fayacaqlar\u0131na inamlar\u0131 art\u0131b. Bu m\u0259nada, bu qrup insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259ndir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Amma bu kitab\u0131 oxuduqdan sonra anlay\u0131rsan ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin iqtisadiyyatda rolunun minimuma endirilm\u0259si, \u00a0c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyin k\u0259skin armtas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu m\u0259nada kitab\u0131n g\u0259ldiyi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri diqq\u0259t\u0259 almaq v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131 apar\u0131lan fikir\u0259 yenid\u0259n baxmaq v\u0259 onu analiz etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu kitab \u00e7ox d\u0259y\u0259rli m\u0259nb\u0259dir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kitab haq\u0131nda daha \u00e7ox yazmaq olar, amma mara\u011f\u0131n qorunub saxlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 kitab\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131b oxunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, hesab edir\u0259m ki, bu q\u0259d\u0259ri d\u0259 b\u0259s edir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Emin Aslan<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Kultura.az<\/strong><\/div>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"9311\">Yaz\u0131ya 1065 d\u0259f\u0259 bax\u0131l\u0131b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0Son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Q\u0259rbin v\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin beyin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259, universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fczakir\u0259si apar\u0131lan kitablardan biri, frans\u0131z iqtisad\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tomas Pikettinin \u201c21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Kapital\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259ridir. Kitab t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, dilimiz\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilm\u0259yib. \u00dcmid edir\u0259m ki, bu yaz\u0131 kitab\u0131n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sini etm\u0259y\u0259 kimis\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259k.\u00a0 Kitab haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa aray\u0131\u015f:\u00a0 Kitabda 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259n 2010-cu il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan Fransa, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, qism\u0259n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9311"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9313,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9311\/revisions\/9313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultur.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}